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~] Due to the prominent salinity gradient initiated by the setting of certain dimensional relation- ships of [he inlet and outlet pipe positions, field cavities formed by this method are usually wider in the upper region, or "coke bot[le shaped" when multiple sages are used. Effects of pipe posi- tioning on cavity shape are depicted in Figs. 2 (a) and 2 (b). Since gravity segregation can be in- fluenced by the rela[ive positions of [he water inle[ and outle[, almos[ any desired shape, as long as it is a solid of revolution about its vertical axis, may be formed by the proper use of floating liners and finer[ blanke[ material. --Brine --~ ~ .- water in ~+-- ~-- i~-- Blanket ~- "- ~_ Fluid -~ .•--. :: ~: ' ~ ~l 1 ~ ~~~ ' i i 1 ~~~ ~~ ~ Figure 2 (a), Efforts of Pipe Positioning on Cavity Shape Using the Revere Circulation Figure 2 (b). Direct Alethod, Circuhtion, r In the direc[ circulation method there is a flow of water in the upward direction. This re- sul[s in an increase in salinity from [he poin[ of injection [o the point of discharge, and from the center ]fine of the cavity to the salt boundary. The effluent usually remains slightly undersatu- rated. The charac[eris[ic shape associa[ed wi[h this method is a slightly wider diameter in the lower region or a nearly cylindrical "jug type" cavity. Con rolled Washine Methods Salt blocks, ranging in size from 8 ft.3 (2'x2'x2') to approximately 45 ft.3 (3. 5'x3. 5'x3. 5') were obtained from [he Morton Salt Company, Grand Saline Mine, Grand Saline, Texas. Carey Salt Company, Winnfield Mine, Winnfield, Louisiana, and the United Salt Company, Hockley Mine, Hockley, Texas. A total of 48 cavities, ranging in size from 8 to 18 inches in diameter, were washed in these blocks. In order [o permit visual observation of the washing process, many of the cavities were washed in half-section. A transparent Lucile plate was cemented to the salt face and the initial hole was drilled adjacent to the Lucite plate. Figure 3 illustrates the mode of washing. In order to maintain a basis of comparison and continuity between the various techniques and the individual experiments, the experiments were limited to the formation of a spherical shape. Each technique was evaluated according [o its utili[y in forming this particular configuration. The criteria for forming spherical chambers may no[ be applicable to o[her shapes while certain [ech- niques, cumbersome in some applications, are well suited to others. However, much common ground exists in the basic considerations of controlled washing. For example, the utilization of gravity segregation and limitation of the surface of salt exposed by an inert blanket material must be considered in arriving at a procedure to a[tain a cavity of particular size and shape. The reverse circulation method seemed better adapted to the formation of spherical shapes and was used exclusively. 299 r