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42 BOIL SU6VEY be deferred in spring until the plant cover ie adequate. Rotation grazing is needed during the growing period. GPABI LI7•r UNIT VIw.7, NONIRRIGATEU Only Alluvial land is in this unit. It is deep, well drained, and nearly level to strongly sloping and is in narrow, winding valleys and on small fans and valley- fill tce slopes. The upper part is typically medium tex- tured. The ]ow•er part is highly stratified. Flooding and gully erosion along drainagew•a}•s are the main limita- tions. Most of the acreage is in native vegetation and is used for grazing. Potential production is high because Alluvial land receives additional moisture as runoff from higher soils. Good grazing management is essen- tial for maximum production and erosion control. CAPABILITY UNIT Vlle.l. NONIRRIG ATF.n This unit consists of moderately sloping to steep, well-drained soils that are moderately deep to deep over bedrock. These soils are on uplands. The surface layer is silty clay loam. Permeability is slow, and available water capacity is high. These soils are \+•ell suited to range. They should not be seeded because runoff is rapid and erosion is a hazard. If well managed, they produce moderate to high yields of forage. Deferred grazing, rotation graz- ing, and proper range use are needed to prevent deple- tion of the plant cover. CAPABII,1Tl' UNIT Vlled, NONIRRIGATEU This unit consists of moderately deep to deep, strongly sloping to eery steep, well-drained soils on hills and uplands. The surface layer of these soils is medium textured to moderately coarse textured and in places is gravelly m' stony. The content of stones and gravel in the soil iR high. Rock outcrop is common in some areas. These soils receive more than 20 inches of annual precipitation, much of which is mow. Available water capacity is low to high. Permeability is slow to mod- erate. The vegetation is dominantly Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir, Douglas-fir, and lodgepole pine. Aspen is dominant in most areas where the commercial trees have been destroyed by fire, logging, or some other means. Aspen will gradually be replaced by conifers if a seed source is available. Stones, rocks, and steep slopes are moderate to severe ]imitations to the use of equipment. Good timber man- agement is needed to protect these soils from erasion and to maintain productive stands. The erosion hazard is moderate or high, depending ml slope, in those areas disturbed by fire, poor logging methods, and improper road construction. Some good trees should remain after cutting or harvesting as a .geed source anc] for future harvest. In places the undelstory vegetation is used for graz- ing. CA PA BII,ITI' UNIT rl h.J, NONIRRIf.A TF.11 This unit consists of well-drained and excessively drained, moderately sloping to very steep soils that are shallow to deep over bedrock. These soils are on uplands. The surface layer is medium textured and moderately coarse textured and is gravelly, channery, or stony. Rock outcrop is common in some areas. Available water capacity is low to high, and per- meability is moderately slow or moderate. In most places water erosion is a moderate to high hazard. Wind erosion can be a slight hazard on southern and western exposures. Nearly all the acreage is in native vegetation and is used for grazing. Improving and maintaining the present vegetation are important. ]n most places the soils are too rocky, too steep, and too erodible for seed- ing. If necessary, mechanical eyuipment can be userl in the less sloping. less stony areas. Good grazing management is needed to maintain Lhc most desirable vegetation and to prevent loss of soil through erosion. Crazing can be deferred early in spring until after plants have made sufficient growth. CA PAPILIT\' UNIT Vllw-~. NONIR RIGHTED Only Alluvial land, occasionally flooded, is in this unit. 1t is nearly level or gently sloping and varies widely in color, texture, depth, and drainage. it is on the flood plain and is subject to flooding and channel change. Verr- cobbly areas are interspersed with deeper soil material. Alluvial land, occasionally flooded, is not suitable for cultivation. It can be used for limited L~razing, wild- life, and recreation. Erosion can be a hazard, but the most serious limitations are overflow and detrimental deposition of silt, sand, and gravel. Drainage is nom! practical. CA PABILITI' DNI Vlh.l. ONIR RIG 4TED This unit consists o s a ow to deep, well-drained. moderately sloping to very steep soils on uplands. The surface layer of these soils is loam and fine sandy loam and in most places is stm+y or cobbly. Permeability is rapid to slow. in most places avail- able Hater capacity is low, but in some it is high. Nearh• all the acreage is in native vegetation and is used for grazing. These soils are so steep and have so many stones and cobblestones in the surface layer that seeding them is not feasible. Grazing should be deferred early in spring until the grass cover is adequate. Rotation grazing insures growth of the more desirable plant.. and improres forage production. CAPABILITI' UNIT VIL-Z, NONIRRIGATEU This unit consists of well-drained, strongly sloping to very steep soils on mountainsides and hillsides. generalh nn srnlthcrl>' and westerly exposures. These soils have a moderately coarse textured and medium- textured surface lacer that is gravelly. channery, or stony. Thor are shallow to moderately deep over hed- rock. Rock outcrop is common. Permeability is moderate and moderately rapid. and a\milahle water capacity is ]ow. The erosion hazard is moderate or high. The root zone is shallow, and an adequate vegeti<+tive cover is difficult to maintain. Snow- melt.early in spring often results in deficient moisture for plants during the growing Reason.