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<br />240 acres. The surveyors recorded three sites in these trart.s: two <br />Etrroarnericar. sites (root. ntrurry and coal mine shzi't) and a small, <br />prehistoric lithic scatter. Tract A, the largest s Gtdy area with 1800 <br />acres, is located an the stream divide between N.aturita Creek and San <br />Fliguel River, a few miles southeast of the project areas; it contained <br />124 culttrt•al resources localities. Nearly t.ll of these loci are either <br />concentrations of lithic artifacts or isolated stone Cools. Two sites <br />contained ceramics, and only one site was classified as a campsite. The <br />recovery bf tantporally diacnostic artifacts (ceramics and projectile <br />points) enaLled baker (1978:43) t~ estimate ar. occupational time span of <br />3000 O.C. to A_0. 1850 for the aboriginal sites. The prehistoric sites <br />arc interpreted to r~prest:e,t temporary encampments rrltere nnrla deer were <br />killed and butchered (Oaken 197E:43). Nine Euroarnericart sites reflect <br />transitory use of the area rather than any permanent occupation. <br />Centuries Research also conducted an intensive inventory of about <br />3000 acres on Spring Creek >iesa, located about 11 mi. (18 Knt} nerthwesi <br />of the project areas (Klesert and Webstr_r 1981). They recorded 49 <br />_ arcfiaeological sites and 45 isolated finds. A71 sites (with the <br />exception of one historic site) are aboriginal lithic scatters. On the <br />bests df their artifactual assemblaec, ±he 48 prehistoric sites were <br />classified as either chipping sites (29 localities) or short-terrtr <br />camps (19 sites). A temporal range of late Paleoirdian (Plano} to <br />Histur•ic times is postulated cr. the basis of diagnostic artifacts. Bost <br />of [he sites are bolieved to have been occupied during the Hiddle <br />' Archaic and pest-Archaic periods. <br />Finally, Evans (1985} surveyed 81 drill sites and about S miles of <br />access roads for Peabody Coal Company irr an area that encomprsses the <br />present project areas.. No cultural resources r:ere recorded rr observed. <br />These results are probably attrSbutable to the small and discor.+.inuous <br />nature of the surveyed areas: 150 ft. (45 m) diameter areas at the drill <br />pad, and a 100 ft. (30 m) wide right-of-way along each of the proposed <br />access roads. In view of tfte results of the present project, however, <br />these survey limitations de not entirely account for lice negative <br />results of this earlier survey. <br />1.3.2 Regional Culture ftistory <br />From the data obtained by the aforementioned and other <br />projects, we can construct a brief Synopsis of the regional culture <br />history. Five distinct cultural stages - or about 10,000 years of <br />culture history - era representeJ in the region (i.e., the San pticuel <br />River drainage, or "west End"): Palonindian, Archaic, Formati4e (Fremont <br />and rlnasazi), historic aboriginal, and Euroamerican (Gleichman, et al, <br />1982:495). <br />Faleoindian lifevrays are generally classified as rtornadic hunting <br />and yathering, with an emphasis upon the hunting of such extinct <br />megafauna as mammoth and bison. Though little rr nn evidence has been <br />found, Faleoindian surely relied to some dr:cirue upon the hunting Gf <br />srwlter name animals (r.g.. Prrn~horn, mule dear, lacnnurrphs, and <br />rodents) err' the gathering of rri ld plants. Pelt.-oird ion remzins are <br />scanty in 7.Fr arr. , anC u'rsi~!. sul:1;• of isolava~ finds •~i r.istirzctive <br />`r1 <br />u <br />(Revised July 2006) Attachment 2.04.4-1-15 <br />