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• amounts; most common of these were bull thistle (Cirsium vulcare), houndstongue, and salsify. No <br />native annual or biennial (orbs were encountered. <br />Total vegetation cover was a rather high 89.6 percent, with 5.6 percent bare soil, and 4.8 percent <br />litter (Table 3). Herbaceous production in the type was , as would be expected, quite high at 4281 <br />oven-dry pounds per acre (Table 12). Shrub and tree density was 4047 stems per acre (Table 18); the <br />heaviest contributors to this total were mountain snowberry, serviceberry, rubber rabbitbrush, <br />Wood's rose, and willow. Since no sufficiently large drainages exist within the current Permit Area, <br />this type does not exist there. <br />Mixed Brush (Figure 4) <br />This vegetation type is dominated by tall shrubs including Gambel's oak uercus gambelii), <br />serviceberry, and chokecherry. At some time within the past 30 years, much of the mixed brush in <br />the F,cpansion Area north of the Permit Area (and certain northern parts of the Permit Area) was <br />burned. Whether this was accidental or was part of a landowners' range improvement procedures is <br />not known. At present, the tall shrubs are regenerating via rootsprouts, resulting in often dense shrub <br />• foliage cover but relatively short overall stature. Figure 4 illustrates the differences in appearance <br />between burned and unburned Mixed Brush stands. <br />The dominant lifeform in this type is, of course, shrubs which provide 64.7 percent relative cover. The <br />biggest contributors to this cover were serviceberry, Gambel's oak, chokecherry, and mountain <br />snowberry. The only other common shrub species present were mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia <br />'tridentate var. vaseyana) and Douglas rabbitbrush. Native perennial graminoids were the next most <br />abundant lifeform with 18.0 percent relative cover. Agassiz bluegrass was by tar the largest <br />contributor to this total; other commonly present, though modestly extensive, species included slender <br />wheatgrass, elk sedge (Carex ceveri), sun sedge (Carex helioohila), mountain brome (Ceratochloa <br />maraina(g), and Nelson needlegrass (Stioa nelsoni). Native perennial (orbs provided 14.6 percent <br />relative cover. The most abundant species were western yarrow, nettleleai gianthyssop, harebell <br />(Campanula rotundifolia), showy daisy (Eriaeron speciosus), tailcup lupine ({,ypinus caudatus)northern <br />bedstraw, and American vetch. Common though not abundant were wild onion, Pacific aster, suNur <br />flower (Eriogonum subaloinum and E. umbellatuml, Richardson geranium (Geranium richardsonii), showy <br />goldeneye (Heliomeris multiflora), chokecherry lupine, common yampa (Perideridia gairdneri), <br />lambstongue groundsel (Senecio integerimus), James starwort (Stellaria j~j80~, and tower <br />mustard (Turritus glabra). <br />• <br />13 <br />