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Exhibi] <br />undertaken during the summer months can be highly variable, depending upon the length of time between <br />• precipitation events, the amounts of precipitation received and plant available moisture contained in the <br />soil. Summer hailstorms may also influence survival of seedlings, and, under certain circumstances, some <br />areas may require seeding immediately following disturbance or construction activities. In these situations <br />exceptions may be made to the standard planting periods. Should planting efforts fail, reseeding will be <br />performed during the next appropriate planting period. <br />Seeding Methods <br />Seed mixtures may be planted using either broadcast or drill seeding methods. Key [o the success of <br />planting operations is proper prepazation of the seedbed. The seedbed will be evaluated for proper levels <br />of fertility prior to commencement planting operations. Water harvesting features will be in place and <br />adequate soil protection measures will be used to ensure stability of the seedbed during the anticipated <br />seed mixture germination and establishment period. If soil crusting is present that has the potential to <br />seriously impact seedling germination and establishment, it will be alleviated using disking or other <br />appropriate methods. Sterile or benign extenders will be used when necessary to ensure even distribution <br />of seed across the planting site. Soil fertility, water harvesting features and seedbed preparations will be <br />sequenced and performed to optimize seedling establishment and development. <br />Broadcast Seeding <br />Seed will be broadcast into properly prepared seedbeds. Seed will be broadcast at the targeted pure live <br />seed per square foot rate specified for the seed mixture being planted; broadcasting application rates will <br />not be increased over drilling rates. Care will be taken to ensure that soil crusting will not prevent seed <br />from lodging and to ensure soil-seed contact will be adequate. Broadcasting will be performed <br />• immediately following seedbed preparations. Broadcasting may be performed using hand held or vehicle <br />mounted equipment. Broadcasting equipment will be calibrated to ensure that seed materials are properly <br />distributed. <br />Permanent rangeland seed mixtures will be preferentially broadcast seeded. The reclaimed lands on which <br />they will be planted are topographically stable and temporary soil stabilization measures will be used to <br />promote soil stability during the development of permanent rangeland vegetation communities. Broadcast <br />seeding of rangeland mixtures will target an application density between 8 to 16 pure live seeds per <br />square foot. Using aeeed/seedling loss of 75%, this density will result in an established seedling density <br />of 2 to 4 plants per square foot. Seed application rates greater than 15 pure live seeds per square foot can <br />be expected to adversely impact the expression of plant species diversity included in the rangeland seed <br />mixture. <br />Drill Seeding <br />Seed mixtures will be drilled into properly prepared seedbeds. Soil fertility and amendments, water <br />harvesting features and soil prepazations will be sequenced and performed to optimize seedling <br />establishment and development. Drill seeding will be performed using equipment designed for rangeland <br />plantings. Till or no till drills may be used for this planting method. No till drills will be the preferred <br />equipment for drill planting seed when inter-seeding is performed to enhance or augment reclamation <br />plantings with substandard rates of seedling establishment in areas where [his occurs. To the extent <br />possible, drill seeding will be performed along the contour to minimize potential soil erosion. <br />i• <br />1180-Mine Permit Exhibits (Iu1.03.02)FQJAL.doc E_ 1 ~ <br />Iuly 3, 2002 <br />