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<br />3.11 Hand Raking <br /> <br />This treatment can be used on sites too small or steep for the use of conventional machinery. The <br />objectives of this technique are to prepare the seedbed for seeding, incorporate applied fertilizer into the <br />seedbed, and cover broadcast seed. To accomplish these objectives, raking will occur over the entire <br />disturbed area to the maximum depth feasible for seedbed preparation and fertilizer incorporation. <br />Raking to wver seed will consist of a lighter treatment sufficient to provide a soil cover over the broadcast <br />seed. <br />3.12 Seedling Planting <br />Individual seedling planting sites will be staked, flagged, or otherwise identified prior to seedling <br />planting by the revegetation supervisor. At each selected planting site, a circular area (planting circle) will <br />be cleared of debris. The diameter of the circle will be approximately 12 to 24 inches depending upon the <br />size of the seedling. The receiving hole will then be dug to a depth 2 to 4 inches deeper than that <br />necessary for planting of bare-root or tubling stock and twice the size of the rootballs or containers for <br />larger stock. Planting holes can be dug by hand or with a power auger. <br />The hole will be of sufficient size to allow for positioning the seedling and tamping the backfill. After <br />the hole has been formed, it will be partially backfilled with loose seedbed material to allow planting to the <br />proper depth. The seedling will then be placed in the hole so that the root collar is slightly below the <br />ground surtace and the roots are positioned as straight as possible. Following seedling placement, the <br />hole will be one-half backfilled with soil and then tilled with water. The remainder of the seedbed material <br />will be backfilled into the hole as rapidly as possible without displacing water from the hole. The backfill <br />will be lightly tamped around the seedling. A second watering may be required to settle the backfill. <br />Planting will be accomplished to the same depth as the seedling was grown in the container. <br />A basin, which slopes gently from the outside of the planting circle to the seedling stem, will be <br />formed from excess backfill material to aid in water catchment. The basin may be mulched with straw <br />and the straw anchored by the appropriate means, if specified. <br />The basin watering and planting circle aspects of this procedure may be eliminated when planting <br />into saturated soils conditions. <br />3.13 Willow Collection and Planting <br />Willow cutting collection will take place from healthy willow stands in mid- March to mid-April. Stems <br />will be cut from the parent plant to a length of 10-12 inches. The basal Cut will be made immediately <br />9 <br />