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<br />planned grazing system helps to maintain the desired
<br />quantity and quality of native vegetation. Deferced
<br />grazing speeds up revegetation of areas depleted by
<br />overgrazing and other disturbances and improves areas
<br />in poor condition. Developing livestock watering facilities
<br />and fencing improve the distribution of livestock and the
<br />production of understory plants.
<br />This unit is suited to the production of pinyon and
<br />juniper. Woodland products such as firewood,
<br />fenceposts, Christmas trees, and pinyon nuts can be
<br />obtained from the unit. This unit is capable of produclng
<br />about 14 cords of firewood per acre in a stand of trees
<br />that average 5 inches in diameter at a height of 1 foot, 'rf
<br />all limbs larger than 2 inches in diameter are used.
<br />The main limitations for the production of pinyon and
<br />juniper are low available water capacity, steepness of .
<br />sbpe, stoniness, and the high hazard of erosion. Limiting
<br />soft disturbance when harvesting trees helps to mirimiae
<br />soil erosion. Seeding to adapted grasses may be needed
<br />in some areas after harvesting. low predpitation ant the
<br />presence of brushy plants may inHuerrce seedling
<br />survival. Areas can be maintained in pinyon and juniper
<br />by selective cutting, leaving small trees and a few of the
<br />larger seed producing Vees, and controlling livestock
<br />grazing so that seedlings can become established.
<br />Wildlife such as mule deer, cottontail, coyote, squrrel,
<br />and various birds use this unit They obtain thetr food
<br />from nearby areas of cropland and rangeland and horrt
<br />areas of this unrL Wooded areas provide shelter and
<br />nesting areas. Suitable management for wildlife includes
<br />protecting the unrt from overgrazing, providing protection
<br />ftom fire, and maintaining adequate plam cover,
<br />including pinyon and juniper.
<br />Steepness of slope and gravel and cobbles are the
<br />main limitations for homesite and urban devebpment.
<br />Gravel and cobbles affect excavation for foundations,
<br />utility lines, and roads. The construction of sanitary
<br />facilities is severely limited by steepness of slope and
<br />the presence of gravel and cobbles. Oft-site sewage
<br />disposal systems are more satisfactory.
<br />Areas of this unit are used as a source of gravel and
<br />roadfill. The sal material commonly requires screening or
<br />screening and cnrshing to eliminate large stones.
<br />This map unit is in capability subclass Vile,
<br />nonirtigated.
<br />-Vatto-Rock outcrop complex, 12 to 65 percent
<br />slopes 's map unit is on mountainsides, ridges, and
<br />breaks. Elev is 7,500 to 9,000 feet. The average
<br />annual preapitatio about 20 l0 30 inches. The
<br />average annual air tam re is 39 to 43 degrees F,
<br />and the average frost-free fs 90 to 110 days.
<br />This unit is about 45 percent Va ry stony fine
<br />sandy loam and 35 percent Rock outgo .
<br />Included in this unit are about 15 percent 'agate
<br />stony fine sandy loam and small areas of Goklvale
<br />stony fine sandy loam.
<br />Soil survey
<br />e Valto soil is shallow and well drained. It formed in
<br />ma rial weathered mainly from sandstone. Typically, the
<br />surf a is covered wfth a layer of organic material 2
<br />inche thick. The surface layer is dark reddish gray very
<br />stony a sandy loam about 2 inches thick. The
<br />uncle g material is light reddish brown very stony fine
<br />sandy I m about 10 inches thick over fractured
<br />sandston .Depth to bedrock ranges from 10 to 20
<br />inches.
<br />Perm itY of this Valto soil is moderatey rapid.
<br />Effective r ing depth is 10 to 20 inches because of the
<br />presence of ard bedrock. Available water capacity is
<br />very low. Run ff is moderatety rapid, and the hazard of
<br />erosion is slig
<br />Rock outcrop nsists of barren exposures of
<br />sandstone. Ne vertical cliffs are common.
<br />This unit is mainy as woodland. Some areas are
<br />used for homesite elopment and livestock grazing.
<br />This unit is mode tety suited to the production of
<br />ponderosa pine. On basis of a site index of 59, the
<br />soil is capable of pr uang about 3,463 cubic feet or
<br />about 14,060 board f t (International rule) of
<br />marketable timber per a from a fully stocked, even-
<br />aged stand of trees 1 ears old. Other trees suited t0
<br />this unit at the higher ale ations are Douglas-fir, whHe fir,
<br />and Engelmann spruce.
<br />The main limitation for production of timber is the
<br />shallow depth to hard k, which affects
<br />construction of logging roe and establ~hmerrt of
<br />seedlings. Harvesting may be estricted dudng periods
<br />when srww accumulates to a eat depth and durir~ ,
<br />snowmeh. Reforestation shou done when the soil
<br />moisture content is high, and H Ould be carefully
<br />managed to reduce competition f undesirable plahts.
<br />Hand planting of nursery stock monty is necessary
<br />to establish a stand. Road systems houid be designed
<br />to minim¢e cuts in this shallow soil.
<br />The native vegetation on this unit ' mainy ponderosa
<br />pine, Gambol oak, mountainmahogan snowberry,
<br />Arizona fescue, mountain muhty, juneg ,mountain
<br />brome, bluegrasses, elk sedge, and se berry.
<br />Douglas-fir, whfte fir, and F~getmann ce grow at the
<br />higher elevations of Mis unit Logged and some
<br />forested areas are used for livestock grazi .Props'
<br />grazing use as part of a planned grazing sy em helps to
<br />maintain the desired qual'riy and quantity of e
<br />understory. Defarted grazing speeds up r tation and
<br />improves areas in poor condition.
<br />Wildlife such as wild turkey, elk, mule deer,
<br />squirrel, and cottontail use this unit They obtain it
<br />food from areas of grasses, torts, and shrubs on unit
<br />and from adjacent areas. The forested areas e
<br />cover and nesting areas. Suitable management for
<br />wildlife includes protecbng the unit from overgrazing
<br />wildfire and controlling timber harvesting.
<br />Stoniness, steepness of slope, and depth to
<br />are the main limitations for homesRe and urban
<br />
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