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• forage, and promoting establishment of new plants through seed dispersal via <br />trampling of the standing vegetation by grazing livestock. Secondary grazing <br />throughout the summer may be employed when a sufficient amount of grazing <br />pressure has not been realized during the primary grazing efforts. <br />The areas and timing of grazing are determined by company personnel <br />based on the vegetation data previously discussed. Distribution and movement <br />of the livestock are performed through active management of the livestock <br />owner through the use of portable fencing and/or herders, water distribution <br />and placement of mineral blocks to ensure even utilization of forage. Results <br />of each year's efforts will be provided in the Annual Reclamation Report. <br />As discussed in Section 4.4, Revegetation, reference areas will be used <br />for determining success of revegetation on some portions of the permit area. <br />Therefore, reference areas will be managed in accordance with the approved <br />postmining land use for the areas that were mined. Additionally, during at <br />least the last two full years of the extended liability period, the reference <br />and revegetated areas will receive the same management. <br />• References: <br />Stoddart, L. A., Smith, A. D., and Box, T. W. 1975. Range Management, 3rtl <br />Edition. McGraw-Hill, 532 pp. <br />USDA, National Resources Conservation Service - Grazing Lands Technology <br />Institute. 1997. National Range and Pasture Handbook, <br />Valentine, J. F., 1974. Range Development and Improvements. Brigham Young <br />University Press, Provo, Utah, 516 pp. <br />u <br />MR-38 4.5-2 August 25, 2000 <br />