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Monitoring, Effectiveness: Monitoring done to de- <br />termine the effectiveness of a treatment in <br />accomplishing the desired effect. <br />Monitoring, Implementation: Monitoring done to <br />verify installation of treatment was accom- <br />plished as specified in installation instruction <br />documents. <br />Mulch: Shredded woody organic material, grass, or <br />grain stalks applied to the soil surface to pro- <br />tect mineral soil from raindrop impact and <br />overland flow. <br />Mychorrhizae: Fungi which symbiotically function <br />with plantroots to take up waterand nutrients, <br />thereby greatly expanding plant root systems. <br />Outsloping: Shaping a road surface to deflect water <br />perpendicular to the traveled way rather than <br />parallel to it. <br />Peakflow: Maximum flow during storm or snow melt <br />runoff for a given channel. <br />Perennials (Perennial Plants): Plants that con- <br />tinue to grow from one growing season to the <br />next. <br />Perennial Stream and Channel: Drainage ways in <br />which flow persists throughout the year with <br />no dry periods. <br />Plant Cover: Percentage of the ground surface area <br />occupied by living plants. <br />Plant Species Richness: Number of plant species <br />per unit area. <br />Ravel: See Dry Ravel. <br />Re-bar: Steel reinforcing bar, available in various <br />diameters, used to strengthen concrete or an- <br />chor straw bales and wattles. <br />Regreen: Commercially available sterile wheatgrass <br />hybrid used to stabilize slopes immediately <br />after a fire but not interfere with subsequent <br />native plant recovery. <br />Relief Culvert: Conduit buried beneath road sur- <br />face to relieve drainage in longitudinal ditch <br />at the toe of a cut slope. <br />Return Interval: Probabilistic interval for recurrence <br />(l, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 years etc.) of atonnflow, <br />rainfall amount or rainfall intensity. <br />Rill: Concentrated water flow path, generally formed <br />on the surface of bare soil. <br />Riparian Area: Area alongside perennial or ephem- <br />eral stream that ie influenced by the presence <br />of shallow groundwater. <br />Ripping: See Tilling. <br />Risk: The chance of failure. <br />Rock Cage Dam: See Gabion or Check Dam. <br />Rolling Dip: Grade reversal designed into a road to <br />move water off of short slope section rather <br />than down long segment. <br />Rotational Slump: Slope failure characterized rota- <br />tion of the soil mass to a lower angle of repose. <br />Runoff: Movement of water across surface areas of a <br />watershed during rainfall or anowmelt events. <br />Sediment: Deposition of soil eroded and transported <br />from locations higher in the watershed. <br />Sedimentation: Depoaitionofwater, wind, orgravity <br />entrained soil and sediment in surface depres- <br />sions, aide slopes, channel bottoms, channel <br />banks, alluvial flats, terraces, fans, lake bot- <br />toms, etc. <br />Sediment Trap Efficiency: Percent ofcontour-felled <br />log length showing accumulated sediment <br />relative to available length of log. Or percent of <br />sediment accumulated behind loge relative to <br />available storage capacity of the loge. Or per- <br />cent of sediment stored behind logs relative to <br />sediment that was not trapped and moved to <br />the base of a hillalope. <br />Sediment Yield (Production): Amount of sediment <br />loss off of unit area over unit time period usu- <br />ally expressed as tone ac j yr 1 or Mg ha 1 yr 1 <br />Seeding: Application of plant seed to slopes by air- <br />craft (Aerial Seeding or Broadcast Seeding), or <br />by ground equipment or manually (Ground <br />Seeding). <br />Silt Fence: Finely woven fabric material used to <br />detain water and sediments. <br />Slash Spreading: Dispersal of accumulations of <br />branches and foliage over wider areas. <br />Slope Creep: Slow, downhill movement of soil mate- <br />rial under the influence of gravity. <br />SoillSite Productivity: Capability of a soil type or <br />site to produce plant and animal biomass in a <br />given amount of time. <br />Soil Wettability: See Water Repellency. <br />Storm Duration: Length of time that a precipitation <br />event lasts. <br />Storm Magnitude: Relative size of precipitation event. <br />Storm Patrol: Checking and cleaning culvert inlets <br />to prevent blockage during storm runoff. <br />Straw Bale Check dam: Check dam made of straw <br />or hay bales often stacked to provide additional <br />storage capacity. Designed to store sediment <br />and/or prevent downcutting. <br />Straw Wattle: Woven mesh netting (1 ft diameter by <br />6 to 20 ft in length, 0.3 m diameter by 1.8 m to <br />6.1 m in length) filled with straw or hay and <br />sometimes seed mixes, used to trap sediment <br />and promote infiltration. <br />StreamBankArmaring: Reinforeingofatreambank <br />with rock, concrete, or other material to reduce <br />bank cutting and erosion. <br />Streamflow: Movement of water in a drainage <br />channel. <br />Temporary Fencing: Fencing installed on a grazing <br />allotment or other unit to keep cattle or native <br />ungulates out of burned area. <br />USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-63. 2000 <br />