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U:S. DEPARTMENT OF AURICULTURE FA' [ car i NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE • ~ 11/11/98 SOIL PEATURES Esdsote -- SOIL PEATURES This report gi-ea eatieetea of various soil feetarea. The eatieatea are used is Iesd ass plassisg that isrolvea engineering cosaideratiosa. Depth to bedrock is gives if 6edroek is rithin a depth of S feet. The depth is based os eeny coil borings and os obaerratioea during soil Beeping. The rock is either 'Soft' or 'Bard'. It the root is 'Soft' or fractured, ercavetiosa can be Bade rich trenching Baehinea, bacthoea, or wall rippers. If the rock is 'Bard' or eaaaive, bleating or apeciat egsipeest generally ie seeded for ucnetion. Ceeested pane are ceeented or indarated asbaurtace layers ^ithin a depth of S feet. Sach pane canoe difficulty is ercaratioa. Fans are elaaailied to 'Thin' ar 'Thiel'. A 'Thin' pan is leas Chao ]inches thick if continooaaly indarated or lean than 18 inches thick if diacostisuooa or fractared. Ercarationa can be code by trenching eachinea, bacthoea, or aeall rippers. A 'Thick' pan is core than 7 inches thick if continooaaly indarated or core than t8 inches thick if diecostisuous or fractared. Sach a pen is ao thick or eaaaive that blasting ar special egoipeent is needed in erceration. Subsidence is the aettleeent of organic soils ar of aeturated Binerel sails of very for density. Subsidence results froe either desiccation end ahristege or oridetion of organic uterial, or both, follorisg dnisege. Subsidence fetes place gradselly, uaaelly aver a period of aereral years. This report shore the ezpected initial subsidence, rhich uaaelly is a reaalt of drainage, end total asbaidence, rhich raually is a reaalt of oridetion. Not shorn in the report is subsidence ceased by an iepoaed aer[ace load or by the rithdrarel of ground refer throughout an eatesairo arse as a reaalt of lorerisg the rater table. Potential frost action is the likelihood of aprerd or lateral ezpanaion of the soil ceased by the farBetios of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) end the asbaequent collapse of the soil and loos of strength an Charing. Fraet action occsra Then Boiature sauce into the freezing tone oI the soil. Teepereture, tertore, density, pereeebility, contest of organic Better, end depth to the cater table ate the moat ieportent lectors considered in enluetisg the potential far frost action. It is aaaueed that the soil is sot issrleted by regetatias or soar asd is not artificially dnised. Silty asd highly atroctrred clayey soils Chet have a high rater table is mister ue the Boat araceptible to frost ectios. Zell dreised, very gravelly, or very sandy soils ere the leant susceptible. Frost heave cad tar soil strength daring thning cause damage Beinly to pareeesta asd other rigid etructarea. Riot of corrosion perteina to potential soil-induced electrocheeicel or cheeicel action that dissolves or reatesa uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of corrosion of ascoeted steel is related to such factors as soil Boiature, particle-size distribution, acidity, nod electrical conductirity of the soil. The rate of corrosion of concrete is besed etinly on the satiate and sodium content, feature, Boiature content, asd acidity of the soil. Special site eraeinetios and deaiga Bay be needed if the coebination of lectors creates a se-ere corrosion enrironsent. the steel instellelioss that intersect soil boundaries or soil Ityers is Bore susceptible to corrosion then steel in installations that ere entirely rithin one kind of soil or rithin one soil layer. For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, erpresaed as 'Lor', 'Moderate', or 'Nigh', ie based an soil drainage clesa, total acidity, electrical resiatirity near field capacity, end electrical conductirity of the saturetios erlract. For concrete, the risk of corroaiaa is also erpressed es 'Lae', 'Node rate', or 'Sigh'. Il is based on soil tertore, acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation erlract.