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<br />' moisture retention. The second time is following completion of soil reconstruction and <br />immediately prior to commencement of revegetation operations. Care must be taken when <br />' ripping, disking or plowing topdressing so that operations avoid turning over the soil and <br />bringing up excessive amounts of subsoil materials. <br />COntOnr Furrows <br />Contour furrows are placed perpendicular to the slope on the contour using a modified <br />Rome disc, duck's-foot plow or similar agricultural implement. Furrows are normally <br />' spaced 3 to 4 feet apart and may range from 6 to l2 inches in depth depending upon soil <br />characteristics. Prior to contour furrow construction, the slope contours should be staked <br />by a hand level or instrument survey to aid the operator in placement on the contour. Cart; <br />should be taken to avoid furrowing off contour. Interrupting the contour on a periodic <br />basis helps to minimise breaching and erosion problems associated with contour furrows <br />that are placed off level. <br />' Land Imprinting <br />Land imprinting is accomplished using a roller with any number of various geometric <br />' configurations. Normally the geometric pattern is repeated around the imprinter's drum, <br />with two or three shapes being repeated in anon-linear or alternating fashion. The shapes <br />used should promote their penetration and imprinting into the soil surface. Imprinting may <br />be used on any slope where equipment can be operated. Because of its non-linear pattern <br />' imprinting is especially useful on steep slopes where equipment can't be operated on the <br />contour. lmprintrng works best on medium-textured soils. Soils that are too sandy do not <br />imprint well because they fail to retain the imprinter's shapes; soils that are high in clay <br />content may present problems with adequate penetration. <br />Erosion Control Fabrics and Blankets <br />Erosion control fabrics may be used on slopes where erosion potentials are moderate to <br />high and where the application of mulch materials is either not physically possible or is not <br />expected to adequately protect the slope during the vegetation establishment period. <br />Erosion control fabric:. may be installed perpendicular to or up and down the slope (Figure <br />C-1). Fabrics should be installed per the manufacturers' specifications. Properly installed <br />and maintained blankets are extremely effective in stabilizing soil and promoting vegetation <br />' germination and establishment. Their relatively high cost requires that they be used <br />judiciously. <br />Wattling <br />1 Wattles are typically used for freshly disturbed slopes or as a reclamation measure for <br />seriously eroded and barren slopes. Historically, wattling involves the embedding of tree <br />' or shrub branches into the soil surface (Figure C-2 and Figure C-3). The woody material <br />is tied into bundles and placed on the contour. Wattling is normally used on wetter sites, <br />such as ephemeral or intermittent draws, where the woody materials have an opportunity to <br />take root and grow. While this project location likely provides limited oppoRunities for <br />employing classic wattling, it may be valuable as a stabilization tool in some areas. The <br />method is expected to be successful because it uses mechanical and vegetative means to <br />promote stabilization. Therefore, it should have good applicability on steep slope areas that <br />' are difficult to access with machinery. [n those situations excelsior erosion control blankets <br />may be rolled width-wise to serve as wattling materials. The 40-foot-long to 80-foot-long <br />roll of blanket may be cut to desired length and installed similazly to wattles made of wood. <br />' The roll will be partially buried in a shallow trench cut on the contour. It is expected that <br />' C-2 <br />