PERMFILE44309

• Permit No: C1982057
• IBM Index Class Name: Permit File
• Doc Date: 12/11/2001
• Doc Name: OIL WELL SITE BLASTING
• Section_Exhibit Name: TAB 14 ATTACHMENT 14-4
• Media Type: D
• Archive: No

'.: ..Y.. ''~

6.2 Blasting
6.2.1 Blasting
AtJ-N HwUErt
ww,-es a_ Cxoslri

u
INTRODUCTION
Most ralu regnve blasting prior m exuvtuian in atufsee
miaiag operadma Blasdng is ehs moat important of tbe.uait
operations for many mines because i! it L nor performed
suowafldly, the vLbt7Sry of the mcse frequmsly become
~ Thy e~prmc'pal factor tbat iaflumce hlattmg realer are
she pmpersies of the uplmiva bseug asad. their diunbutlos
and idtistiam sequma is the blot, the oven]! blast gtmm-
etry,and the rock structure and other propadet ThL secdon
ind:,....Y ehe effxa of these dtffetent fstxon sad daseribes
aaitable bLsc deign teehniquea Ice addidoq speaali:ed
bhudng methods such as [hror !during and rap control
are dieeos+ed along with aurae of the deuitaeotd eapeea of
blasting, vihsadon, air blot, aril noise.
EXPLOSIVES
These stn tour main types of a:plosive tmd in aotLee
mining: slussin, dry mixes, emdanoa, sad the hybrid heavy
ANFO. Thane prodtwa wl- be wesidexed rparacety.
Blasting Agents DavNoptnartt
Histotaeslly, prior b the lmae.Irad fesctlisa diaauers at
Teresa City and Hamburg is the 1910x, atsmaahtm darer
(AN) and fhal rvu aot being aced io bulk form u ^ bWdng
agent Ice use up to that time prhsarily vu io omud ea-
plociva Whlth used bhmda of AN t0 mernse the deomq,
clap fiseL antL es Hooker C, aril dsadfying ageaa ouch
as ferrosiliran. Heatue of the viseodry dths Hudra C lbd.
these tniza were otbat made hat The wu wn high duo to
ehe are of eha cans sad the dndng psaees. ALhoagh the
denciry wu about 1.1 g/etn,t the bdlt sacagth arcs low doe
to the large moult apace amend the can whm it vti ktded
into the borehole. Pelleted TNT7ras oRea pat itmo the bolo
w surround the ]owe ease aril m redact tLe efface of the
deeoupling in ohs toe. Tae other explosive h7 rue was dy.
ttsatita
Dutatg the early 19301 AN mixed witlc fad otT au
introduced w ehs btu site as a bilk explosive Ice many
iostanca i[ proved to be ideal, but it did lava is dawbaels
Thee maidY revdved abotrt 1a Lek of wrier tedstaaa sad
!ow bnik deaaty, whioh l eves produced aloe balk strragdt
Sy the mid 1950x, [he ddlliag cad btaait; of very hard
iron forsaasion ac SeheQesvt'IIe l nmtheuwn Quebec, with
is atteadaac very high drilling was and wet wndidons,
prompted Cook and Fanem m set ou[ m iavem esplaiw
having good water reaiseame sad high bulk wmgth.Iaitially
two ryscerna were devt:loped, both ruing AN sad water, with
one system based on TNT or other high e:ploaivp r the
emait)xa, and [he other which erred One adahl)r tossed
aluminum for the acme pu[pase. The bsslo high explosive
thickeners, and the IiE (TNT) seroitket. spaadty d
TNT used varied, depeadmg os the caidat dYmeter dtdted
and the temperature l;kdy w be eaeouatved. Iioweva, for
a cridra- diameter d 7S mm (3 in.) at Or C. a typs:tial eom.
paition would be appro,dm.rdy 2596 7T4T: 139'e [voter,
3996 AN. and 03 to 1.096 of gum thlekwer. The gam
thickener eetved two parpusea: 91st. it held the coons high
denary TNT in ausperuion and leeaad, n formed a jellyBlm
eo~suom tnatdx which imparted good water :emranw to
the dortY if the gum roar :drably erocslirtked. Faergaio
atctal tbdt atxh a ehtminum were loam added m theta
slurried explosives w iotsetae theft bulk strength further.
The MaO TNT thttty had • denary of approxhaatdy 1.aS
g/em' sad a weighs atrmgsh tdative to ANFO of g395, ao
drat iu bull[ atreryeh vet 1.48 tdadve to gee poured pumas
prllL and fed a1L ThL ttteaat much grater t« pilling ea•
pabiliry sad la many mtnnots Lryes drilling sad bhucng
patteros, The explodve rust was somedmu huseasY, bm
the redaalon la drilling cast dEen made cep for i[ soil she
rat tndt wet as metal! reduction is drilling and blattmg
eaaa with 6etar results.
Nt[:osasbon nitrate (NCN) duadnnm-based dnrdea
Ltd hem devebpra but these roarer sot rosbed into ptodu~
don immedlasely in Canada m stxattnt of the alimade eon.
ditioaa in the aorthan part of the eoanery. Itorehde
merpaamues ran at low u -2• C cad tampsruurn oa the
beaches peeiodieaU,y as for es -45' C rith -2G m -30' C
fns e:tmded petioda of uP to aereral weeks.
More raeeady fue4 ail air bnbbL eeas{tlsad aortic: were
inlrodued to npbtcs ANFU where Lola uanot bs dtvea-
tered. Phosphate sad other eoatime tgena ware introduced
m atop the ahrmiaum from gassing, and also m prevmt ehs
p8 changing, thereby boaidng down ehe get Fig. 1 stars
the geaeznl class of bLuiag ahsrtin.
HY the arty 191iOs slurry Lad hem well toted in many
area sad there was ^ epndderable demsnd by mine opea-
tors. maaY of which were ]oadlog as level o! approximaWY
35 000 kg/d (53,000 lb/pv day), which made WdugmB
mepmave. Tramporadon was dao ^ wulY item since the
eaploave pLtw [vere often eamtrte from the mine: 1Ln
moos tbu aIl of the tngtsdteaa In the paokaged'fAiT slarty
eraveliad at tLe high explosive fevight rate. A aaoimum of
1596 vatrr was being hauled large distaaacs.
These fietars provided the itapetw for the devdopmmt
ofbollt slurry mix tnreks. Fie. I thaws a CaaadLn Industrin
Ltd Gdmsuer ahtrry truck.
Considendoa of the colub9iry curve va temperature for
AN elattY shower thu by going ro devaced tempensurts all
of the AN can lx put itno tolndoa using the ISgi roster that
the formal requiter, aril this ohm sea as rite vehicle to
arty the AN la the ah+erP ~ troek.
For many mica, the liquor L oRm pardally pr~rd'
Thb has the advaaage of Putting a snbstaadal gaanti[Y ~
ak b,tbbin ism the liquor. V/Itb NCN mixes the problem
L W Loll air bubbler on the aluminum surfiee. pretuisini
of the dunrinam sad other fuel by some prodttara enabler
.540