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• <br />' • <br />LIST OF FIGURES <br />Figure 1. Elk Creek Mine panels, overburden contours and creeks. 6 <br />Figure 2. Theoretical height of collapse chimneys 7 <br />Figure 3. Longwall subsidence overburden deformation zones 8 <br />Figure 4. Strata deformation zones in rock above a longwall <br /> panel. 9 <br />Figure 5. Horizontal deformation and strain locations over <br /> longwall panels. 10 <br />Figure 6. Draw angles with respect to overburden lithology 18 <br />Figure 7. Chimney collapse height cumulative frequency <br /> distribution 22 <br />Figure 8. Subsidence profile construction graph 29 <br />Figure 9. Example Panel #3 subsidence calculation location 30 <br />Figure 10. Example Panel #3 width/height correction factor. 31 <br />Figure 11. Example Panel #3 distance from ribside to 6-ft <br /> subsidence location. 32 <br />Figure 12. Example Panel #3 strain factor graph 33 <br />Figure 13. Predicted low-extraction room-and-pillar subsidence. 39 <br />Figure 14. Predicted surface subsidence for crushing of gateroad <br /> pillars . 40 <br />Figure 15. Landslide area over Panel #1 with predicted subsidence 45 <br />iii <br />