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<br />• l~. ~ ~'~." ~'.~. .! ,~. .. ..~ sr' ~r'f,~'. i ,171. ~.. •~.
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<br />'~' 1 ' ~+ ...,rl., •5 a. ..~'k,,'~y .7i~:.''•+"r.. ~ilp .r; ;:. ir,•, .., IJ•t 9• 4.
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<br />'X. ~ts+• ,i'Fage 3.- ''~ i$~''i-:.••,7 ,it+,;' 1,.1~;r! ~'•'' :~Ir,r,~.i"• ;9;.,•.;.{„f +~.
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<br />iR!11'v i,'•.~/. .:FL .. .. ::p~ .,~;:,~-' :rt .r,::. .,, •. n:~' .~::+1.:i1.Y 74..1°;r'. d
<br />t,:~;;1?i;~t`. ., - '"Our'•research`'has shown`tha['ni[ro'•en`fer~tilizer-alone ~E 't~'~,j}~ ,1
<br />: t'r+{ +Y_ ,~':..1` ..} i94i",: !I ~ ~ ~ , :.. ~. ~,~~., ~ . ts~l~1:~a4
<br />jry,, nr•.~;k i.•,'.•;•.._A does not increase'sagebrush density. However, if.we.were, c;• >,
<br />~~~'3~'y%~•!'''•'-'`''~'`""' Yto use a term such as "canopy density" to describe the`"%''~1.''r%~, •~`~~+=1'
<br />,~,~,r•~,_,+.~t'-:•;~;{.;';%; rr::`i,;':~more robust, 'greener,'thicker canopy then it "would- be„%'~M'r~'+4;~1~' °~"~r~~•~;:
<br />t"^~•='lr"'~"31"''`""'`~`' ~" '''safe to say fertilizer has'a ositive effect. `: In terms b•,:~,+ 'it"
<br />f'r'`•~~" ~1~•;~'`r'ti;''r'~""'';~,;i~-• :'i, of sage grouse cover this is important and has''nothing ,to •-'.2,:~-.y;~~~^rt~~"y~,,,
<br />., '.
<br />g ~' ~ . ;,'u_~ _ •': ~ .:r~,:, ` do with height 'or number of stems per unit area. r: `'y~:.',"' {'~~r,;T: Yt~"E~'
<br />!'A. ',;~'6~r1~':C I:yy 7d~!i'a~~}' ~J,:iIA' ~',"L, . i' ~ •1', ~i1:., ?(. .1 :, ii . ~'i. p,, al,. :i ,.. :~.•{ ~..
<br />t' ,,11 ,1,5 aGnt.,.,.( dr:•l. .'~i~"' "''" ~' ~~~~ ~'1• IYr'Y
<br />y:3`~~:'Ti.='f L.C7: ,P,l j.:IlX:4::'.' : ~... 1..,f;~':.', . , . ,. ` ~ ~ 5 ... :;'' .. '~ ; •. ':'. ~.;. ~ .' ., '.' ~ .Ci.. ,: r.:.~~..:F4.,' ~'+~j, r ~ '~'.':L~,17.:
<br />~,!rtJp,,~ ~ a,~ till ti ,},y 1 '~. The discussion on.the^negative''effects of nitrogen fr(,ys~p r"if'~'•r;J
<br />~~~~y,l~ „~,,t~{•~~t, re'fertilizer on'mortality of. seedlings is irrelevant.-'yIt >t,i->,„~i wt.
<br />~i ~':; ,
<br />"s.` ~ry,j.r, ;~ ~'3ti;: (a+'r has ,long been known that. use of fertilizers on newly.: ;•;~.~;°-''"~~ i ~`
<br />+ It 'ri3+Y~YV~{a,r •. -, 9d, ,,,, lante3 ~ seedlin s ,is;~not ~ beneficial. ~'i:iThis~ as rimaril '~ ~' ~ , ~ ~'.
<br />i~'31~C"tr~~~f~ h+~r~nr'~>4 ~~', ~+, i;because ~of the. tremendous increase in grasses~which,de--"; ': ~ y
<br />,I:,r.~, {+:• ,%•,~~-,~••:;a,;,,,,,;,,,,;, ,creases'~available moisture to the seedlings. '.Fertilizing
<br />~~;;{:4r~~i&f,;;,,~r:;•~;~}.,.,,i;:,~;'~;,,,~~,,;..~av,a "natural" stand of sagebrush where the plant competition i,;,:n~„~1,~
<br />,'R si'~lr'lt b~ :, r' '.r,,~ 5y; ;''"factor is not so severe is entirely a different, situation J~[t i+~~''~i+d1.~~
<br />~~ dn~',t ~j.,t <'] 1 Fi I'1 rCr. t,.y., ly. ., , ~ (• „ _; ,• : ;.. , , '. . `a.i[(_•'. ,. _ j~ri~~"i,~t+,or ,
<br />~ p,e}i,f t~rt r, eu' 14..,1.+ .,, 'r '.L _ ii'.'..,a,,,ys' , v~. 'r ti,~
<br />rr;4'.1,u1,;'t,,1;~;',.?;',;.;~_Pages 15-20. The misuse, misinterpretation,'and citing•out of ,,._;,.,},ir'`y+1`
<br />„~~;;...,.;,y.:1:Xti;.;E;:;~,+,,.,1'•.:,;..' ;context of yield data that .exists in this section makes . , . ~ ,,,,
<br />o~: i.',
<br />t~!'':~~,~•1.7='°';•~(;[r{:'',~ ;''• .'~• _it_difficult to res and to:', The author took the libert ~~"""?y~"~~.
<br />. e": , ly.;e, h„ri, •r3,: ', ,.I :~',~.?•.~;., P ~ Yr~;, :~r.it~~"Yd': ,
<br />';~,~1 ,~,~t~. ,tp1y~]i;;,.;,l.y ~ , ; 1'ia^: •:'to extract data either from Carpenter s dissertation-or "aM;;';:;~~a~"y~,k'"
<br />+rkh'' hut:: fir.' • ~..,', ~.5. i.1., .. ,,;:}:, ,.,:•'. ,+r„ . ~.
<br />~y/,• ~`~Y,,i,, d4,p1.•, ~.i,..,,,..;:,~,<,v;r~,from DOW reports and recombine them as he saw fit. The _•,,.5.f•;.,~~,,,~-„
<br />i~)*' : ~ ? ~' r,data 'on i'shruh'• yields and total yield in these reports
<br />±~~{, ~'~sy; a+,~ri' i`r'1~ , ,r=;~were generated from a double sampling procedure.''1?This ^ Sy G-r a}t~.T,t;
<br />hl'+ "tiuc; .':.i~` ~ ' •°involves use of a herbage meter. on a larger number of ~ ~ i-~~t~ i'~
<br />,,. 'z•„~'!;•;",;,w~',t, ;rlr ~,~p~:~,,,,;;r;,'plots and the herbage meter and clipping on a smaller y ~';.'/fl;. y~yE~f"
<br />'m..~".r ,'.:Y' .:n'. ~ number of plots. With regression analyses it is then ~ "x,:j
<br />~Y''~7:'~~ \'`'~~+!=#"~.~~},n.'~Y:'.'~`~"` mationloftyielrtslfpnm lArerrreadingsnonlyt PTomdosthisi"'=;:~'`:ir'.a~r~~ ~~~f'f'~.~t'";
<br />:E;~ ~, .Yi;;,::,Yr:~~' ~;1r% , .l;.;-,,[here are 2 e uations enerated, ~one'for shrubs and one ,•.: ,
<br />~~,;,~- »~', .',..,...w.s4,.,., ,,,:., q g ,.,.:tai+,~~ 1
<br />!1..' f' ~''"';'~?"'1''°•'+"' `?' ~' for total yield. Estimates of forbs and grasses are'''' f>•' '- '~?+ ~ '-'~ ~'f`'~
<br />jp*. %+~ 'hr,,.,'~:Yr!I~IY~~'!!' ~''`"'obtained from'cli in onl Conse uentl it is not ''"-a":':~
<br />~~, ~~I,-,; ..,.,.;,f~ ~,'.";~~ logical or proper to add the estimates of forbs, grasses, ~_:•:.~. ..J.4
<br />'~~t•t 4;:~r,~~-pk ,.;;-;:,1 :.•~~v' 'and shrubs toe { 't"~
<br />a^k:':5 <'T;'•T`fi;. a:,"S;'"' '- %t . g ther to get the total yield. .r:;Nor ,is, it.~„rjj•{~~`i;r '•.d~', ,~~'qa„'.
<br />S~A;glylrj,~r)'(+i'li~~i;:!j:'n an:~'rijCP)~;',;...ir .: .~:,`ia~: '+~ .ftj,.
<br />;~,~,,,,y~! J,.I...,i ,, J ,i:; • ;,. proper to take the total yield and calculate,'percentages -•. ,`.~• .
<br />•{:+t~ :,, ,~ C Y „',, '. of the total by forbs, grasses, and shrubs, :These are ,•; ~~/;_ '%.
<br />7}i~;ii F.,, separate estimates for each component and must be handled ~.~'~.~+1•~t, t}';';~;':.
<br />~'~ ' rr, : ~,. ~.
<br />p'.t=~' ~ ",":'• .. as such. This is important because when the components ~'' •~;!,T,7,).~,-,..
<br />'7 f`r• ' - , .' are- added to ether the resultin total will not a ual , •`;;•;~~''~ ~:1''Ni`';.'• ~ • -
<br />'''''' '' the total derived from the re ression a nation" g"~~~tVt?, r,
<br />g q predictin T''^'~~`
<br />'"'fs~'' r;s`:';'a<rt i;; total field. '.Conse uentl if one calculates ercenta es ' ~'~S.•:•
<br />~'fr.~,;:..,,.•,y?.'i,-::.,; as the author has done in Tables 1, 2 and 3, there is"a"'. ,.,. ~•,
<br />~!yy ~~_~'~-', ~!?j'r:{';. , . 'misuse of the data. .. ~ , , .i..,:.+i;t:.;,~ar;:~•: rq.~„'.-,
<br />'`%,;; ;;'~~' `f~?,~'C''+~+'~'" . `+i: The author makes the charge on page 16 that nitrogen +~ ',~._,~ _
<br />'r. 1' ~ .'; ice'.. ,
<br />,:,tt.:, :, ~, ,; ,,, ,,, ,,;, •. ~ ,,; fertilizer reduces the diversity and hence the stability, ~ ..;~ ~~ ; ; •~~
<br />.':+`,h` ; - ,yvi;+,~ i ~ ;'of native rangeland. He bases part of this change OR„''~.1~4 ,M",'' ~ r;4~i',, ';
<br />~~results of DOW work in ?lorth Park. What he fails to '• •1'~",~'"~•~
<br />,r.."" point out is that 1977 the first rowan season after `
<br />rd,J, ,~`~;~r'~, ~'.•Gii'•i`t.''!';treatment, was one of the driest on record in North Park ;i:;~•'~`":S=;is'~~?.~
<br />~T~,•~f r. ~l'~/~'•G~p,a •1, '~i1,~1i,•,1T~r:~i~?'~:`'~'~'^'C i~tAlii+1.~:`ir'::,p.14'.irb.~1.,., ,t.....('' a. ai t-V'.~.~ a. ,:;; P]::J :2:
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<br />:v~v;?'~<i J.d ! +i,Yj91h>i3riy~-; p:,}!•:" ~R,.t ~ t- k,,v_'.1 tt,,.: ,.'ro~ ,1.,r~....,.:;. .. .., .. hey, -
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