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EXHIBIT J-1 <br /> the pinyon and Utah juniper canopy. Utah Juniper has allelopathic effects on some plant(i.e. Sandberg bluegrass, <br /> blue grama). <br /> Community Phase Pathway 3.2A <br /> This pathway is when there is a lack of fire and/or disturbance.The fire return interval lengthens. This could be done <br /> by having firebreaks and/or fire suppression which will allow the perennial species a chance to establish with natural <br /> processes or with vegetation manipulation. <br /> Transition T3A <br /> Vegetation treatment can transition it to a seeded state. Because of the soils(shallow and/or rocky)and the <br /> unpredictable precipitation,this pathway should be used cautiously. This pathway involves large energy and <br /> monetary inputs by man. <br /> State 4: Seeded State <br /> This state is a result seeding plants species.Vegetation manipulation may or may not have been done depending <br /> on disturbance history of the location.The trees were removed and adapted grasses,forbs and shrubs are <br /> established. Plants can be native or introduced depending on the desired management goals. If grazing tolerant <br /> species were established these communities can better withstand grazing and other disturbances. Due to the <br /> shallow or rocky soils and unpredictable precipitations patterns, it is difficult to establish grasses from seed, so this <br /> state may be hard to achieve and require large energy inputs. <br /> Community Phase 4.1: Seeded Grassland/Shrubland <br /> This community phase appears as a grassland with scattered shrubs and trees.The vegetative production is <br /> typically higher than in the current potential state, depending on grass species seeded; however the grass is still <br /> sparse due to the low water holding capacity of soils associated with pinyon and juniper. <br /> Community Phase Pathway 4.1A <br /> This pathway occurs when events favor the establishment of shrubs and trees, including long periods without <br /> disturbances. <br /> Community Phase 4.2: Seeded with PJ <br /> This community phase has a dense under story of introduced grasses and forbs, but a canopy of pinyon and Utah <br /> juniper are establishing. Native perennial grasses,forbs, and shrubs may also be starting to establish. Interspaces <br /> are filled with biological crusts and herbaceous plants. <br /> Community Phase Pathway 4.2A <br /> This pathway occurs as trees and shrubs are removed from the community, either naturally through insect herbivory <br /> or through vegetation manipulation by man. <br /> Transition T4A <br /> This transition occurs when events favor the establishment and dominance of invasive annuals. Events may include <br /> an extended drought,surface disturbance such as off road vehicle use, and/or a shortened fire return interval,all of <br /> which can stress the native perennial bunchgrasses. <br /> State and transition model <br />