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Red Creek Quarry Baseline Water Investigation Section 6 <br /> <br /> <br />6-3 <br />DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this docu ment. <br /> <br />Figure 6-3. Piper diagram of all surface and groundwater well data <br />Stiff diagrams portray the charge-adjusted equivalent concentrations of major cations and anions in <br />a water quality sample using a geometric shape (Stiff 1951). Similar to Piper diagrams, the water <br />quality data concentrations of major ions were converted from mg/L to meq/L before being plotted. <br />Stiff diagrams are visual representations of the major ion chemistry and are used to illustrate <br />differences in water quality. The shape of the Stiff diagram illustrates the concentrations of cation on <br />the left and anions on the right side of the graph. The width of a Stiff diagram is an indication of the <br />ionic strength of a water quality sample, with wider Stiff diagrams indicating higher concentrations of <br />TDS. When plotted on maps, the Stiff diagrams size and shape can show the spatial relationship of <br />changing water quality data. Similar geometric shapes indicate similar water quality between two <br />locations. <br />Figures 6-4 through 6-7 show Stiff diagrams of the surface and groundwater data collected during <br />four quarterly sampling events from December 2022 through July 2023 that illustrate the minor <br />differences between surface and groundwater quality over time. The three surface water locations <br />have slightly wider Stiff diagrams indicating higher TDS and a higher proportion of chloride, sodium <br />and sulfate than groundwater. <br />