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1.5 Permanent Impoundment Demonstration <br /> Permanent impoundments planned as part of the post-mining land use on reclaimed rangelands at <br /> Trapper Mine include small Livestock Water Tanks (LSWT's). These ponds are all less than two acre-feet <br /> in volume and function exclusively to provide much needed drinking water to wildlife and livestock species. <br /> In this semi-arid region of the West these types of ponds are of crucial benefit to reclaimed rangelands as <br /> they greatly improve grazing distribution and vegetation utilization. Without the adequately distributed <br /> water supplies that these ponds provide, wildlife and livestock species tend to congregate around scarce <br /> available water supplies and grossly over-utilize a small part of the range while failing to adequately utilize <br /> the majority of the range. This proves to be detrimental to both plant and animal resources. <br /> There were no LSWTs included in this Phase II bond release application for permanent retention. <br /> 16 <br />