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Custom Soil Resource Report <br /> Canyon <br /> A long, deep, narrow valley with high, precipitous walls in an area of high local <br /> relief. <br /> Capillary water <br /> Water held as a film around soil particles and in tiny spaces between particles. <br /> Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds capillary water in the soil. <br /> Catena <br /> A sequence, or"chain," of soils on a landscape that formed in similar kinds of <br /> parent material and under similar climatic conditions but that have different <br /> characteristics as a result of differences in relief and drainage. <br /> Cation <br /> An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity. The common soil cations are <br /> calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen. <br /> Cation-exchange capacity <br /> The total amount of exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil, <br /> expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil at neutrality (pH <br /> 7.0) or at some other stated pH value. The term, as applied to soils, is <br /> synonymous with base-exchange capacity but is more precise in meaning. <br /> Catsteps <br /> See Terracettes. <br /> Cement rock <br /> Shaly limestone used in the manufacture of cement. <br /> Channery soil material <br /> Soil material that has, by volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of <br /> sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as much as 6 inches (15 <br /> centimeters) along the longest axis. A single piece is called a channer. <br /> Chemical treatment <br /> Control of unwanted vegetation through the use of chemicals. <br /> Chiseling <br /> Tillage with an implement having one or more soil-penetrating points that <br /> shatter or loosen hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal plow depth. <br /> Cirque <br /> A steep-walled, semicircular or crescent-shaped, half-bowl-like recess or <br /> hollow, commonly situated at the head of a glaciated mountain valley or high on <br /> the side of a mountain. It was produced by the erosive activity of a mountain <br /> glacier. It commonly contains a small round lake (tarn). <br /> 36 <br />