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Whirlwind Mine Groundwater Characterization Report <br /> the Lumsden fault. Other than this instance, no other evidence of the fault being a conduit or <br /> barrier to groundwater flow has been presented. <br /> As discussed in Section 5.2.1, the water chemistry from Burro Canyon sources indicates a <br /> calcium-bicarbonate type water. It should be noted that the Dolores Point well is screened in <br /> both the Burro Canyon and the upper mudstones of the Brushy Basin, yet the Dolores Point well <br /> exhibits a distinct calcium-bicarbonate water type distinctly different than Brushy Basin sources <br /> which have a sodium-bicarbonate type chemistry but very similar to other sources interpreted <br /> Burro Canyon sources such as DP Spring. This indicates that the Burro Canyon aquifer is the <br /> predominate water producing unit at the Dolores Point well and that any mixing with underlying <br /> Brushy Basin does not alter the chemistry significantly. <br /> Both of the Cherokee wells exhibit calcium-carbonate type water and the locations of the wells <br /> support a Burro Canyon source water, even though EFR (2008) states that these wells are <br /> completed in the upper Brushy Basin. It is likely that shallow groundwater originating from the <br /> Burro Canyon located upgradient of the wells is a water source to these wells. This is further <br /> supported by the fact that the wells are shown to be within the Quaternary landslide deposits <br /> where groundwater flow paths may have been altered by slope failures. <br /> The sources of Willow Spring and Lumsden Spring show a chemistry that partially reflect the <br /> distinct Burro Canyon water but have higher proportions of sodium and magnesium (Willow) and <br /> magnesium and sulfate (Lumsden). It is suspected that both springs are influenced by Burro <br /> Canyon source water. Willow Spring may mix with Brushy Basin groundwater within the <br /> landslide and colluvium deposits or where it is located or accumulate solutes from dissolution of <br /> unsaturated materials. Field observations show that Lumsden Spring represents shallow <br /> subflow and surface runoff flow from DP Spring; the sample location is within the small shallow <br /> channel that represents the head waters of Lumsden Canyon. The Lumsden Spring chemistry <br /> demonstrates how solute concentrations can change in a relatively short distance. This water <br /> chemistry may be affected by short-term events such as atmospheric deposition (sulfate), or <br /> seasonal composition of the forest floor. The chemistry of Lumsden Canyon Mouth is very <br /> similar to Lumsden Spring. It is unlikely that these two water sources are hydraulically <br /> connected but may exhibit similar water chemistry from similar sources. <br /> Western Water& Land, Inc. 36 <br />