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FRO Resources <br />Big sagebrush is typical of moderately deep to deep loamy soils. <br />• Shadscale is a xerophytic species tolerant of alkaline soil conditions. <br />Rabbitbrush is common on sandy soils and is a good visual indicator of the <br />occurrence of pockets of sandy material deposited by wind and water. <br />Greasswood is characteristic of heavier textured soils with high alkali <br />concentrations. Fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) is phreatophytic <br />and tolerates saline soil conditions. Horsebrush Qstradvmia cansscene) <br />exhibits characteristics similar to those of rabbitbrush. Spiny hopsage <br />(GraTia spinosa) is slightly more tolerant of alkaline conditions than is <br />big sagebrush. The former species typically occurs on loamy soils where <br />moderate alkali conditions exist. Utah juniper is tolerant of droughty <br />conditions. This tree species is competitive on rocky and hardpan soils. <br />Herbaceous species are important components of shrub and tree -dominated <br />sites, but do not predominate. Grass -dominated stands do not occur to any <br />appreciable extent on the permit area. Grass and forb stands occur as <br />patchy inclusions in shrublands and woodlands. Cool -season perennial <br />grasses, such as western wheatgrass, Colorado wildrye, Junegrass (K41Lleria <br />• cristata), Salina wildrye (El)ms salina), Indian ricegrass (lt)zopsis <br />hvmenoides) and squirreltail grass are commonly found in most of the <br />vegetation types. Cheatgrass (Eromus tectorum) is an annual grass that is <br />also ubiquitous. Perennial forbaceous species are more limited in <br />frequency. The species of forbs that commonly occur are globemallow, <br />fleabane daisy, aster (Aster arenosus and Hachaeranthera linearis), <br />milkvetch (Astragalus calycasus) and knotweed (Table 2). <br />Specific information on important herbaceous species occurring on the <br />permit area is given below. This information has been taken from site <br />observations and from the following references: Daubenmire 1942, <br />Costello, 1944, Hulbert 1955, Harris 1967, Young et al. 1969, Cannon 1971 <br />and Goodin and Northington 1979. <br />Gordon saltbush (Atriplex gardneri) and silver saltbush (A,,rargentea) are <br />typical of heavy clay soils and are tolerant of erosion. Western <br />wheatgrass is also indicative of clayey soils, as is needle -and -thread <br />• grass. Although western wheatgrass occurs on loamy soils, productivity on <br />