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Drilling will be completed by a typical rotary/hammer blasthole drill or down-the-hole (DTH) <br /> hammer blasthole drill. Dust will be controlled via dust collection units and water mist sprays. It <br /> is anticipated that drilling will be undertaken initially as a third-party contract but may transition <br /> to a mining function undertaken by the primary site operator. <br /> 2. Types of Explosives Used <br /> The typical blasting products to be used at the site are bulk explosives and blasting accessories. <br /> Bulk explosives will include the following agents: <br /> • Straight emulsion: a slurry product consisting of liquid ammonium nitrate and diesel fuel; <br /> • Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel Oil (ANFO): a typical bulk explosive used in blasting; and <br /> • Blends of emulsion and ANFO. <br /> Blasting accessories will include: <br /> • Detonator: such as NONEL blasting caps which are small sensitive primary explosive <br /> devices used to denote a larger, more powerful, and less sensitive secondary explosive. <br /> NONEL type detonators will be used at the site due to their superior safety; <br /> • Cast boosters: a sensitive explosive charge which acts as a bridge between the blasting <br /> cap and the bulk explosive and is appropriate to the hole size; and <br /> • Any other products deemed necessary by the third-party blasting contractor. <br /> 3. Control of Ground Vibrations <br /> When an explosive charge is detonated within rock, the charge converts instantly to a hot gas at <br /> extreme pressure. A steep wave front travels into the rock, crushing it for 2-4 hole diameters. <br /> Radial cracks start to form as the cavity is expanded. The expanding gases continue to work on <br /> the rock, which extends the cracks and moves the rock upward and outward. Breaking and <br /> movement takes place within the intended area of the blast. This activity consumes most of the <br /> blast's energy, but a small left-over portion leaves the blast area as elastic ground vibrations and <br /> air waves. Elastic is used to define that the waves no longer permanently deform the rock mass. <br /> Regulatory limits to control ground vibration are met through the control of the maximum charge <br /> weight per delay relative to the distance to the significant structure. The further a significant <br /> Young Ranch Resource November 2020 8 L Lcwicki and Associates YIA,C <br />