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ASME B31.3-2016 <br /> (3) at temperatures below the creep range,for bolt- (e) Application Limits. Application of stress values <br /> ing materials whose strength has been enhanced by heat determined in accordance with para.302.3.2(d)(3)is not <br /> treatment or strain hardening, the least of one-fifth of recommended for flanged joints and other components <br /> ST, one-fourth of the tensile strength at temperature, in which slight deformation can cause leakage or <br /> one-fourth of Sy,and two-thirds of the yield strength at malfunction. <br /> temperature (unless these values are lower than corres- (1) These values are shown in italics or boldface in <br /> ponding values for annealed material,in which case the Table A-1, as explained in Note (4a) to Appendix A <br /> annealed values shall be used) Tables.Instead,either 75%of the stress value in Table A-1 <br /> (4) two-thirds of the yield strength at temperature or two-thirds of the yield strength at temperature listed <br /> [see para. 302.3.2(f)] in the BPV Code, Section II, Part D, Table Y-1 should <br /> (5) 100% of the average stress for a creep rate of be used. <br /> 0.01%per 1 000 h (2) Stress values determined in accordance with <br /> (6) 67%of the average stress for rupture at the end subpara. (d)(3) are not identified in Table A-IM. See <br /> of 100 000 h Note(4b)to Appendix A.When using Table A-IM,two- <br /> (7) 80% of minimum stress for rupture at the end thirds of the yield strength at temperature listed in the <br /> of 100 000 h BPV Code,Section II,Part D,Table Y-1 should be used. <br /> (b) Gray Iron. Basic allowable stress values at temper- (f) Unlisted Materials. For a material that conforms to <br /> ature for gray iron shall not exceed the lower of the para. 323.1.2,the tensile (yield)strength at temperature <br /> following: shall be derived by multiplying the average expected <br /> (1) one-tenth of the specified minimum tensile tensile (yield) strength at temperature by the ratio of <br /> strength at room temperature ST (Sy) divided by the average expected tensile (yield) <br /> (2) one-tenth of the tensile strength at temperature strength at room temperature. <br /> [see para. 302.3.2(f)] <br /> 302.3.3 Casting Quality Factor, E, <br /> (c) Malleable Iron. Basic allowable stress values at tem- (a) General. The casting quality factors, Ec, defined <br /> perature for malleable iron shall not exceed the lower herein shall be used for cast components not having <br /> of the following: pressure—temperature ratings established by standards <br /> (1) one-fifth of the specified minimum tensile in Table 326.1. <br /> strength at room temperature <br /> (2) one-fifth of the tensile strength at temperature (b) Basic Quality Factors. Castings of gray and mallea- <br /> ble iron,conforming to listed specifications,are assigned <br /> [see para. 302.3.2(f)] <br /> a basic casting quality factor, Ec, of 1.00 (due to their <br /> (d) Other Materials. Basic allowable stress values at conservative allowable stress basis).For most other met- <br /> temperature for materials other than bolting materials, als,static castings that conform to the material specifica- <br /> gray iron,and malleable iron shall not exceed the lowest tion and have been visually examined as required by <br /> of the following: MSS SP-55, Quality Standard for Steel Castings for <br /> (1) the lower of one-third of ST and one-third of Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping <br /> tensile strength at temperature Components — Visual Method, are assigned a basic <br /> (2) except as provided in (3) below, the lower of casting quality factor, Ec, of 0.80. Centrifugal castings <br /> two-thirds of Sy and two-thirds of yield strength at that meet specification requirements only for chemical <br /> temperature analysis, tensile, hydrostatic, and flattening tests, and <br /> (3) for austenitic stainless steels and nickel alloys visual examination are assigned a basic casting quality <br /> having similar stress—strain behavior,the lower of two- factor of 0.80. Basic casting quality factors are tabulated <br /> thirds of Sy and 90% of yield strength at temperature for listed specifications in Table A-IA. <br /> [see (e) below] (c) Increased Quality Factors. Casting quality factors <br /> (4) 100% of the average stress for a creep rate of may be increased when supplementary examinations <br /> 0.01%per 1 000 h are performed on each casting.Table 302.3.3C states the <br /> (5) 67%of the average stress for rupture at the end increased casting quality factors,Ec,that may be used for <br /> of 100 000 h various combinations of supplementary examination. <br /> (6) 80% of the minimum stress for rupture at the Table 302.3.3D states the acceptance criteria for the <br /> end of 100 000 h examination methods specified in the Notes to <br /> (7) for structural grade materials, the basic allow- Table 302.3.3C.Quality factors higher than those shown <br /> able stress shall be 0.92 times the lowest value deter- in Table 302.3.3C do not result from combining tests <br /> mined in paras. 302.3.2(d)(1) through (6) (2)(a)and (2)(b),or (3)(a)and (3)(b). In no case shall the <br /> In the application of these criteria, the yield strength quality factor exceed 1.00. <br /> at temperature is considered to be SPRY; the tensile Several of the specifications in Appendix A require <br /> strength at temperature is considered to be 1.1STRT. machining of all surfaces and/or one or more of these <br />