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c16> INTRODUCTION The ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping consists of a number of individually published Sections, each an American National Standard, under the direction of ASME Committee B31, Code for Pressure Piping. Rules for each Section reflect the kinds of piping installations considered during its development, as follows: B31.1 Power Piping: piping typically found in electric power generating stations,in indus- trial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central and district heating and cooling systems B31.3 Process Piping: piping typically found in petroleum refineries; chemical,pharmaceuti- cal, textile,paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related processing plants and terminals B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries: piping transporting prod- ucts that are predominately liquid between plants and terminals and within termi- nals, pumping, regulating, and metering stations B31.5 Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components: piping for refrigerants and sec- ondary coolants B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems: piping transporting products that are predominately gas between sources and terminals,including compressor,regulat- ing, and metering stations; gas gathering pipelines B31.9 Building Services Piping: piping typically found in industrial,institutional, commer- cial, and public buildings, and in multi-unit residences, which does not require the range of sizes,pressures, and temperatures covered in B31.1 B31.12 Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines: piping in gaseous and liquid hydrogen service and pipelines in gaseous hydrogen service This is the B31.3 Process Piping Code Section. Hereafter,in this Introduction and in the text of this Code Section B31.3, where the word Code is used without specific identification, it means this Code Section. It is the owner's responsibility to select the Code Section that most nearly applies to a proposed piping installation.Factors to be considered by the owner include limitations of the Code Section; jurisdictional requirements; and the applicability of other codes and standards. All applicable requirements of the selected Code Section shall be met. For some installations, more than one Code Section may apply to different parts of the installation. The owner is also responsible for imposing requirements supplementary to those of the Code if necessary to assure safe piping for the proposed installation. Certain piping within a facility may be subject to other codes and standards,including but not limited to —ANSI Z223.1 National Fuel Gas Code: piping for fuel gas from the point of delivery to the connection of each fuel utilization device —NFPA Fire Protection Standards: fire protection systems using water, carbon dioxide, halon, foam, dry chemicals, and wet chemicals —NFPA 99 Health Care Facilities: medical and laboratory gas systems —building and plumbing codes, as applicable, for potable hot and cold water, and for sewer and drain systems The Code specifies engineering requirements deemed necessary for safe design and construction of pressure piping.While safety is the primary consideration,this factor alone will not necessarily govern the final specifications for any piping installation. The Code is not a design handbook. Many decisions that must be made to produce a sound piping installation are not specified in detail within this Code.The Code does not serve as a substitute for sound engineering judgments by the owner and the designer.