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ASME B31.3-2016
<br /> K304.2.3 Miter Bends. Miter bends are not The methods,allowable stresses,and temperature lim-
<br /> permitted. its of Section VIII, Division 2, Part 4, para. 4.6 may be
<br /> K304.2.4 Curved Segments of Pipe Under External used, with the following changes in nomenclature, to
<br /> Pressure. The wall thickness of curved segments of calculate t,,,:
<br /> pipe subjected to external pressure may be determined c = sum of mechanical allowances, defined in
<br /> as specified for straight pipe in para. K304.1.3 provided para. K304.1.1
<br /> the design length L is the running centerline length t = pressure design thickness as calculated for the
<br /> between any two sections that are stiffened in accor- given style of blind flange using the appropriate
<br /> dance with para. 304.1.3. equation of Part 4, para. 4.6
<br /> K304.3 Branch Connections (c) A blind flange may be designed in accordance
<br /> with the rules,allowable stresses,and temperature limits
<br /> K304.3.1 General. Acceptable branch connections of Section VIII,Division 3,Article KD-6 and Section II,
<br /> include a fitting in accordance with para. K303, an Part D.
<br /> extruded outlet in accordance with para. 304.3.4, or a
<br /> branch connection fitting(see para.300.2)similar to that K304.5.3 Blanks. Design of blanks shall be in accor-
<br /> shown in Fig. K328.5.4. dance with para. 304.5.3(b), except that E shall be 1.00
<br /> and the definitions of S and c shall be in accordance
<br /> K304.3.2 Strength of Branch Connections with para. K304.1.1.
<br /> (a) The opening made for a branch connection reduces
<br /> both static and fatigue strength of the run pipe. There K304.6 Reducers
<br /> shall be sufficient material in the branch connection to Reducers not in accordance with para. K303 shall be
<br /> contain pressure and meet reinforcement requirements. qualified as required by para. K304.7.2.
<br /> (b) Static pressure design of a branch connection not
<br /> in accordance with para. K303 shall conform to K304.7 Pressure Design of Other Components
<br /> para. 304.3.4 for an extruded outlet or shall be qualified K304.7.1 Listed Components. Other pressure-
<br /> as required by para. K304.7.2. containing components manufactured in accordance
<br /> K304.3.3 Reinforcement of Welded Branch with standards in Table K326.1 may be utilized in accor-
<br /> Connections. Branch connections made as provided in dance with para. K303.
<br /> para. 304.3.3 are not permitted. K304.7.2 Unlisted Components. Pressure design of
<br /> K304.4 Closures unlisted components to which the rules elsewhere in
<br /> para. K304 do not apply shall be based on the pressure
<br /> (a) Closures not in accordance with para. K303 or (b) design criteria of this Chapter.The designer shall ensure
<br /> below shall be qualified as required by para. K304.7.2. that the pressure design has been substantiated through
<br /> (b) Closures may be designed in accordance with the one or more of the means stated in(a),(b),and(c)below.
<br /> methods, allowable stresses, and temperature limits of Note that designs are also required to be checked for
<br /> the BPV Code, Section VIII, Division 2 or Division 3, adequacy of mechanical strength as described in
<br /> and Section 11, Part D. para. K302.5.
<br /> K304.5 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks (a) extensive, successful service experience under
<br /> comparable design conditions with similarly propor-
<br /> K304.5.1 Flanges — General tioned components made of the same or like material.
<br /> (a) Flanges not in accordance with para. K303 or (b) (b) performance testing sufficient to substantiate both
<br /> below shall be qualified as required by para. K304.7.2. the static pressure design and fatigue life at the intended
<br /> (b) A flange may be designed in accordance with the operating conditions.Static pressure design may be sub-
<br /> methods, allowable stresses, and temperature limits of stantiated by demonstrating that failure or excessive
<br /> Section VIII, Division 2, Part 4,para. 4.16, or Part 5, or plastic deformation does not occur at a pressure equiva-
<br /> Division 3,Article KD-6, and Section II, Part D. lent to two times the internal design pressure, P. The
<br /> K304.5.2 Blind Flanges test pressure shall be two times the design pressure
<br /> (a) Blind flanges not in accordance with para. K303 multiplied by the ratio of allowable stress at test temper-
<br /> or (b) or (c) below shall be qualified as required by ature to the allowable stress at design temperature,and
<br /> para. K304.7.2. by the ratio of actual yield strength to the specified
<br /> (b) A blind flange may be designed in accordance minimum yield strength at room temperature from
<br /> with eq. (36). The thickness of the flange selected shall Table K-1.
<br /> be not less than t,,,(see para.K304.1.1 for nomenclature), (c) detailed stress analysis (e.g., finite element
<br /> considering manufacturing tolerance method) with results evaluated as described in
<br /> Section VIII, Division 3, Article KD-2, except that for
<br /> tm = t+c (36) linear elastic analyses
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