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ASME B31.3-2016
<br /> piping,1 e.g.,of part of the length of all shop-fabricated (2) relevant rounded indications >5.0 mm (3/16 in.)
<br /> welds in a lot of jacketed piping (3) four or more relevant rounded indications in a
<br /> random spot examination:2 a specified partial examina- line separated by 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) or less, edge to edge
<br /> tion of a percentage of a specified kind of item in a
<br /> l 344.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination
<br /> designated lot of piping
<br /> 344.2 Visual Examination 344.4.1 Method. Examination of castings is covered
<br /> in para. 302.3.3. Liquid penetrant examination of welds
<br /> 344.2.1 Definition. Visual examination is observa- and of components other than castings shall be per-
<br /> tion of the portion of components,joints,and other pip- formed in accordance with BPV Code, Section V,
<br /> ing elements that are or can be exposed to view before, Article 6.
<br /> during,or after manufacture,fabrication,assembly,erec-
<br /> tion,examination,or testing.This examination includes 344.4.2 Acceptance Criteria. Liquid penetrant indi-
<br /> verification of Code and engineering design require- cations are caused by the bleed-out of a visible or fluores-
<br /> ments for materials, components, dimensions,joint cent dye from a surface discontinuity in the area under
<br /> preparation,alignment,welding,bonding,brazing,bolt- test. However, all such indications are not necessarily
<br /> pre p g, g, g, roughness,imperfections, since excessive rou h poor surface
<br /> ing, threading, or other joining method, supports, p g
<br /> assembly, and erection. preparation,etc.,may produce nonrelevant indications.
<br /> Inadvertent evidence of penetrant not related to actual
<br /> 344.2.2 Method. Visual examination shall be per- bleed-out is classified as a false indication. Indications
<br /> formed in accordance with the BPV Code, Section V, shall be verified as being relevant,nonrelevant,or false.
<br /> Article 9. Records of individual visual examinations are Additional surface preparation and/or other test meth-
<br /> not required,except for those of in-process examination ods may be used as needed to verify the relevance of
<br /> as specified in para. 344.7. an indication.
<br /> An indication of an imperfection may be larger than
<br /> 344.3 Magnetic Particle Examination the imperfection that causes it;however,the size of the
<br /> 344.3.1 Method. Examination of castings is covered indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Only
<br /> in para.302.3.3.Magnetic particle examination of welds indications that have any dimension greater than 1.5 mm
<br /> and of components other than castings shall be per- (%6 in.) shall be considered relevant.
<br /> formed in accordance with BPV Code, Section V, (a) Indications
<br /> Article 7. (1) A linear indication is one having a length greater
<br /> 344.3.2 Acceptance Criteria. Magnetic particle indi- than three times its width.
<br /> cations are caused by the attraction of the test media to (2) A rounded indication is one of circular or ellip-
<br /> surface or near-surface discontinuities in the area under tical shape with a length equal to or less than three times
<br /> test. However, all such indications are not necessarily its width.
<br /> imperfections,since excessive roughness,magnetic per- (b) Examination. All surfaces to be examined shall be
<br /> meability variations,etc.,may produce nonrelevant indi- free of
<br /> cations. Inadvertent accumulation of particles not (1) relevant linear indications
<br /> related to magnetic attraction is classified as a false indi- (2) relevant rounded indications >5.0 mm (3/16 in.)
<br /> cation. Indications shall be verified as being relevant, (3) four or more relevant rounded indications in a
<br /> nonrelevant, or false. Additional surface preparation line separated by 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) or less, edge to edge
<br /> and/or other test methods may be used as needed to
<br /> verify the relevance of an indication. 344.5 Radiographic Examination
<br /> An indication of an imperfection may be larger than 344.5.1 Method. Radiography of castings is cov-
<br /> the imperfection that causes it; however,the size of the ered in para.302.3.3.Radiography of welds and of com-
<br /> indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Only ponents other than castings shall be performed in
<br /> indications that have any dimension greater than 1.5 mm accordance with BPV Code, Section V, Article 2.
<br /> (1/16 in.) shall be considered relevant.
<br /> (a) Indications 344.5.2 Extent of Radiography
<br /> (1) A linear indication is one having a length greater (a) 100% Radiography. This applies only to girth and
<br /> than three times its width. miter groove welds and to fabricated branch connection
<br /> (2) A rounded indication is one of circular or ellip- welds comparable to Fig. 328.5.4E, unless otherwise
<br /> tical shape with a length equal to or less than three times specified in the engineering design.
<br /> its width. (b) Random Radiography. This applies only to girth
<br /> (b) Examination. All surfaces to be examined shall be and miter groove welds.
<br /> free of (c) Spot Radiography. This requires a single exposure
<br /> (1) relevant linear indications radiograph in accordance with para. 344.5.1 at a point
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