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ASME 1331.3-2016 <br /> Fig. 341.3.2 Typical Weld Imperfections <br /> Lack of fusion between weld bead and base metal <br /> (b) Lack of Fusion Between <br /> (a) Side Wall Lack of Fusion Adjacent Passes <br /> Incomplete filling at root on one side only Incomplete filling at root <br /> (c) Incomplete Penetration due to Internal (d)Incomplete Penetration <br /> Misalignment of Weld Groove <br /> External undercut <br /> Root bead fused to both inside surfaces but Internal undercut <br /> center of root slightly below inside <br /> surface of pipe(not incomplete penetration) <br /> (a) Concave Root Surface (Suck-Up) M Undercut <br /> tla <br /> (g) Excess External Reinforcement <br />