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RELATIVE VEGETATION COVER). All -layer absolute cover (ALL HIT AVERAGE COVER column in data <br />tables) was calculated by dividing all hits (first -hits and additional -hits) for a particular species by the total <br />number of points taken (100). In addition, all -layer relative cover was calculated using all hits for a <br />particular species divided by the total hits accumulated during sampling of the transect (see ALL HIT <br />RELATIVE VEGETATION COVER). <br />Lifeforms Used in Data Presentation <br />To enhance understanding of the collected data, all data and summary tables are organized by lifeform. <br />Lifeform categories used here reflect both plant growth habit and provenance (place of origin). <br />Categories observed in 2016 include each of the following: native annual and biennial forbs, introduced <br />annual and biennial forbs, introduced annual grasses, native perennial forbs, introduced perennial forbs, <br />native perennial grasses and graminoids, introduced perennial grasses and graminoids, native shrubs, <br />native subshrubs, native trees, ferns, bryophytes (mosses), lichens, and succulents. <br />Plant Species Frequency and Density Measurements <br />During the course of cover sampling, all plant species occurring within one meter of either side of the <br />cover sample transect were noted as present. Frequency for each plant species observed during <br />sampling was calculated by dividing the number of transects in which the species was observed by the <br />total number of samples (see cover sample distribution by area above). As such, this value is probably <br />more correctly known as constancy. <br />The total number of species within each lifeform observed in each 100 m2 sample provides a measure of <br />"species density", indicating the relative species richness of different areas. This measure provides a <br />means of examining progress toward the return of diverse species composition in the reclaimed areas. <br />Plant Species Listing <br />Scientific names used except as noted follow the Flora of North America (FNA, 1993+). Species not yet <br />identified by the FNA, follow Weber and Wittmann (2001). Common names cited are found in Beetle <br />(1970), Nickerson et al. (1976), Soil Conservation Service (1979), or USDA Plants Database (2017). <br />Cross-reference between older names and revised names used here can be made by referring Appendix <br />C of this report <br />During the course of fieldwork, a list of all plant species encountered (quantitative plus incidental <br />observations) was compiled for each potentially affected vegetation type and for the three reference <br />3 <br />