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from the use of lanceolate projectile points to the use of stemmed and notched point varieties and a distinct increase in the overall variability in point styles (Reed and Metcalf 1999). The Archaic Era is subdivided into four periods based on changes in projectile point morphology and settlement strategies. The Pioneer Period (6400-4500 BC) saw the end of the fully nomadic Paleoindian adaptations and the arrival of full-time occupants who were well-acquainted with the available resources in the region and who established seasonal settlement systems (Reed and Metcalf 1999). The Settlement Period (4500-2500 BC) showed a fluorescence of locally oriented occupations characterized by a central place foraging strategy, large numbers of processing features, and the use of pit and basin habitation structures (Reed and Metcalf 1999). The Transitional Period (2500-1000 BC) had a large degree of continuity with the preceding period but is distinguished by increasing variability of material culture and perhaps less sedentism with possibly more seasonality in the use of the higher elevations (Reed and Metcalf 1999). Finally, the Terminal Period (1000-400 BC) is characterized by a time of apparent stress on settlement systems and saw experiments with various intensifications in subsistence practices, including the beginnings of the shift to bow and arrow technology, experiments in growing corn, and an increasing shift towards seed processing and the use of other lower rate -of -return foods (Reed and Metcalf 1999). Late Prehistoric Era: The Late Prehistoric Era dates from 400 BC to AD 1500 based on recent radiocarbon analysis and is marked by the introduction of horticulture and corn as a major form of subsistence to the Colorado Plateau. This transition is also characterized by an increase in low elevation sites along river corridors and in the canyonlands of western Colorado, indicating a population increase. Horticultural groups occupying the Colorado Plateau often constructed substantial habitation structures, granaries, and made (or traded for) high quality pottery (Reed and Metcalf 1999). The Late Prehistoric Era among horticultural groups is separated into two traditions, the Ancestral Puebloan (formerly known as Anasazi) Tradition (AD 900 — 1100) and Fremont Tradition (AD 200 — 1500). The Gateway Tradition (400 BC — AD 1300) is assigned to groups inhabiting the same general region as the Ancestral Puebloan and Fremont Traditions but with a limited reliance on corn horticulture and apparent lack of ceramic production (Reed and Metcalf 1999). Projectile points range from small side -notched arrow points common during the Fremont Tradition to small corner -notched arrow points common in the Gateway Tradition (Reed and Metcalf 1999). Not all occupants of the upper Colorado River basin were settled horticulturalists during the Late Prehistoric Era, however. The Aspen Tradition spans the entire Late Prehistoric Era and is used to define non -horticultural occupants of the higher elevations in the northern Colorado River basin. These hunter -gatherer groups were contemporary with lower elevation horticulturalists and likely maintained contact and trade relations; however, technology and subsistence strategies easily differentiate the two groups (Reed and Metcalf 1999). The Aspen Tradition is marked by a shift to bow and arrow technology, a broadening and intensification of the subsistence base, and an apparent shift in group mobility patterns (Reed and Metcalf 1999). Aspen Tradition sites are typically assigned as such based on small corner -notched projectile points and generic grey -ware ceramics (Reed and Metcalf 1999). Protohistoric Era: The Protohistoric Era dates from AD 1300-1881 and is marked by the emigration of Ancestral Puebloan peoples into New Mexico and Arizona and a drastic geographic contraction of the Fremont Tradition. The period can generally be defined by For Official Use Only: Disclosure of site locations prohibited (43 CFR 7.18) Page 15 Privileged Information —Do Not Release #41