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RULE 4 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS <br /> . r.y.M'...:y;,,„e y.rr ....f< ..<. ,+ N •f i.`Ybn.. a „S.,azaN M'hlY1'SRrIR9i�iar.6Y�.CFa4v 1`K£HHYaA'YN.tiN:R+.'IXk:;iq.e`*+4...\ax3+7'.L...l�X'b M 'h •.n.! <br /> restricted interseeding or other mitigative measures implemented as a result of the <br /> vegetative monitoring program. <br /> 4.15.2 Use of Introduced Species <br /> For pre-2008 revegetation, (especially pre-2002 revegetation)an examination of the seed mixture <br /> approved for the reclamation of rangeland indicates that Colowyo included some introduced <br /> species in the mixture for which regulatory approval was obtained. Introduced species included <br /> in the seed mixture were: <br /> (1) Intermediate Wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium) <br /> (2) Siberian Wheatgrass (Agropyron sibericum) <br /> (3) Pubescent Wheatgrass (Agropyron trichophorum) <br /> (4) Smooth Brome (Bromus inermus) <br /> (5) Orchard Grass (Dactylus glomerata) <br /> (6) Vinall Russian Wildrye (Elymus junceus) <br /> (7) Durar Hard Fescue (Festuca ovina duriscula) (Actually Native) <br /> (8) Timothy (Phleum pratense) <br /> (9) Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) (Naturalized Taxon) <br /> (10) Lutana Cicer Milkvetch(Astragalus cicer) <br /> (11) Blue Flax (Linum lewisii)(Actually Native) <br /> (12) Alfalfa(Medicago sativa) <br /> Of the 31 species approved, 21 species are native. On a seed weight basis, 65% of the seeds to be <br /> planted are native species seed. <br /> The introduced species were included in the mixture because they were thought to be necessary to <br /> control erosion and because they provide forage for wildlife and livestock on the reclaimed area. <br /> The research at Colowyo by the Colorado State University (CSU) Agronomy Department has <br /> documented the superiority of the introduced species for revegetation purposes compared with <br /> other species under similar conditions. The CSU study and two progress reports are set forth in <br /> Exhibit 10,Vegetation Information. None of the introduced species are poisonous or noxious. For <br /> further discussion of the value of introduced species for obtaining the desired post-mining <br /> vegetative community of the same seasonal variety and lifeform of the pre-mined area, refer to <br /> Section 2.05. <br /> For post-2008 revegetation, the seed mix is comprised entirely of native species with the specific <br /> exceptions described below. Introduced species would only be utilized in four possible <br /> circumstances. The first would be reclaimed areas exhibiting a post-mining land use of pastureland <br /> (specifically targeting domestic livestock grazing and/or haying operations). The second would <br /> be in small areas potentially susceptible to excessive erosion where at the discretion of Colowyo's <br /> reclamation coordinator, introduced species would provide the necessary protection. (Prior to use <br /> of aggressive taxa to combat areas that are highly susceptible to erosion, an MR or TR (as <br /> appropriate) will be obtained from CDRMS to address such circumstances.) The third possible <br /> _ circumstance would be the inclusion of orchard grass at elevated densities in certain locations <br /> designed to encourage elk away from other sites. (It has been documented that elk specifically <br /> Rule 4 Performance Standards 4-48 Revision Date: 1/22/20 <br /> Revision No.: TR-136 <br />