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12/9/2019 ESD Printable Report <br /> ,sw�e <br /> s r 4 <br /> s <br /> Soils Profile Image.—Travessilla Series,Las Animas County <br /> Surface texture:(1)Stony Sandy loam <br /> (2)Very fine sandy loam <br /> Subsurface texture group:Sandy <br /> Minimum Maximum <br /> Surface fragments<=3"(%.cover): 0 35 <br /> Surface fragments>3"(%cover): 0 5 <br /> Subsurface fragments<=3"(%volume): 0 35 <br /> Subsurface fragments>3"(%volume): 0 5 <br /> Drainage class:Well drained <br /> Permeability class:Moderate to moderately rapid <br /> Minimum Maximum <br /> Depth(inches): 8 20 <br /> Available water capacity(inches): 1.30 2.00 <br /> Electrical conductivity(mmhos/cm): 0 2 <br /> Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 1 <br /> Calcium carbonate equivalent(percent): 0 14 <br /> Soil reaction(1:1 water): 7.4 8.4 <br /> Soil reaction(0.01M CaCl2): 7.4 8.4 <br /> Plant Communities <br /> Ecological Dynamics of the Site <br /> The information in this ESD,including the state-and-transition model(STM),was developed using archeological and historical data, <br /> professional experience,and scientific studies.The information is representative of a complex set of plant communities.The plant composition <br /> has been determined by study of rangeland relic areas,areas protected from excessive disturbance,seasonal use pastures,short <br /> duration/time controlled grazing strategies,and historical accounts.Not all scenarios or plants are included.Key indicator plants,animals,and <br /> ecological processes are described to inform land management decisions. <br /> This region was historically occupied by large grazing animals such as bison along with pronghorn and mule deer.Deer and pronghorn are <br /> widely distributed throughout the MLRA.This is an important site for livestock grazing,especially cattle. <br /> Drought has historically impacted the vegetation of this region.Changes in species Composition will vary depending upon the duration and <br /> severity of the drought cycle,and prior grazing management.Recent drought events have increased mortality of blue grama significantly in <br /> some locales,along with other bunchgrasses such as sideoats grama,little bluestem,big bluestem,sand bluestem,needleandth read,and <br /> squirreltail.Historic fire frequency(pre-industrial),is estimated at 15-20 years(Guyette,2012),randomly distributed,and started by lightning <br /> at various times throughout the growing season.Early human inhabitants were also likely to start fires for various reasons(deliberate or <br /> accidental). <br /> The site is dominated by mid warm-season bunch grass(sideoats grama),and short warm-season bunch grass(blue grama).Secondary <br /> grasses are mid warm-season bunch grass(little bluestem),tall warm-season rhizomatous grass(prairie sandreed),mid cool-season <br /> rhizomatous grass(western wheatgrass),mid cool-season bunch grass(need leandthread),and tall warm-season bunch grasses(big <br /> bluestem,sand bluestem).Various shrubs(skunkbush sumac,true mountain mahogany)and forbs(purple prairieclover,dotted gayfeather) <br /> occur on the site.Short warm-season stoloniferous grass(black grama)and short warm-season bunch grass(hairy grama)occur on the site <br /> https://esis.sc.egov.usda.gov/ESDReport/fsReportPrt.aspx?id=R069XY053CO&rptLevel=all&approved=yes&repType=regular&scrns=&comm= 4/19 <br />