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Recommended management methods: <br /> Cultural -Seeding and maintaining aggressive grasses will help in competing ' <br /> with leafy spurge and slow its spread. Contact your local CSU Extension office or <br /> Natural Resources Conservation Service office for seed mix recommendations. ' <br /> Proper grazing management will stimulate grass growth and keep pastures <br /> healthy. Healthy pastures may be more resistant to leafy spurge invasion. Bare <br /> spots caused by overgrazing are prime habitat for weed infestations. ' <br /> Mechanical- Due to the extensive root system,hand-pulling this plant is not a <br /> viable option. Mowing will reduce seed production if repeated every 2 to 4 <br /> weeks during the growing season, but will provide little long-term control. <br /> Biological- Both sheep and goats have been found to be effective grazers of <br /> leafy spurge. Grazing sheep can commence after spring regrowth reaches 2 to 6 <br /> inches tall,but before the flowering bract stage. Goats can graze spurge at any ' <br /> time. Do not overgraze. If leafy spurge has set seed, quarantine animals in a <br /> corral for 7 days before releasing them into a non-infested pasture. <br /> There are a variety of insects available for release on leafy spurge infestations. <br /> The flea beetles,Apthona nigriscutis, A. lacertosa, and A. cyparissiae,have been <br /> found to be effective on large infestations and when used in combination with <br /> grazing and/or herbicides. <br /> Herbicides- The following are recommendations for herbicides that can be <br /> applied to range and pasturelands. Always read, understand, and follow ' <br /> herbicide label directions. The herbicide label is the LAW! <br /> Herbicide Rate Application Timin Comments <br /> Clarity+2,4-D 1 qt./acre for each product Spring-following appearance of true flowers and/or fall ' <br /> Amine or regrowth.Must treat 2x/year for 14 years.DO NOT apply <br /> 1 oz/gal water for each when outside temperatures will exceed 85 degrees. <br /> product Add non-ionic surfactant @ 0.32 oz/gal water or <br /> 1 t/100 gal water. ' <br /> Plateau 12 oz./acre Fall only treatment prior to hard freeze. <br /> or Add a methylated seed oil surfactant(MSO)@ 0.32 oz/gal <br /> 0.4 oz/gal water water or 1 t/100 gal water. ' <br /> 2,4-D Amine 2-3 qts/acre Early spring and fall.Prevents seed formation only.Retreatment <br /> or will be necessary.DO NOT apply when outside temperatures <br /> 2-3 oz/gal water will exceed 85 degrees.Add non-ionic surfactant @ 0.32oz/gal <br /> water or 1 t/100 gal water. ' <br /> Tordon 22K 1 qt./acre Spring-following appearance of true flowers and/or fall <br /> *this is a or regrowth.Must repeat annually for 3-4 years. <br /> Restricted Use 1.0 oz/gal water DO NOT apply near or under trees or where soils have rapid ' <br /> Pesticide* permeability or where water level is high.Add a non-ionic <br /> surfactant P.0.32oz/ al water or 1 t/100 gal water. <br /> Flea beetles readv 1 1 <br /> -eleasedkif <br /> Shee1 -rmrf- spurge. <br /> The llama protects1 from <br /> predators. <br /> a <br />