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t <br /> Recommended management methods: ' <br /> Cultural - Establishment of selected,aggressive grasses can be an effective cultural <br /> control of musk thistle. Contact your local CSU Extension office or Natural Resources <br /> Conservation Service office for seed mix recommendations. ' <br /> Mechanical- Mowing or chopping is most effective when musk thistle plants are at <br /> bud stage. Grubbing or digging the plants below the root crown level is effective as <br /> well. Do this while the plant is in the rosette stage. <br /> Biological- Livestock tend to avoid grazing on musk thistle, although horses and cattle <br /> have been known to eat the flowerheads. Biological control insects, such as the seed <br /> head weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus) and the crown weevil (Trichosirocalus horridus) are ' <br /> effective on large infestations. When used together, these insects provide fair to good <br /> control. Expect to wait at least 3 to 5 years for the insects to establish significant <br /> populations and achieve optimum management results. Insects can be obtained at no <br /> charge from the Colorado Department of Agriculture. Please call 970-464-7916 or go to <br /> www.palisadeinsectary.com for more information. <br /> Herbicides -The following are recommendations for herbicides that can be applied to ' <br /> range and pasturelands. Always read, understand, and follow the herbicide label <br /> directions. The herbicide label is the LAW! <br /> Milestone 3 to 5 oz/acre Apply to plants in the spring and early summer at rosette or <br /> early bolting stage or to the fall rosette.DO NOT rotate to a , <br /> broadleaf crop within 1 year of application.Add a non-ionic <br /> surfactant 0.32oz/ al water or 1 t/100 gal water. <br /> 2,4-D Amine 1 qt./acre Spring/fall rosette—before flowering stalk lengthens.DO NOT <br /> or apply when outside temperatures will exceed 85 degrees. ' <br /> 1 oz/gal water Add non-ionic surfactant @ 0.32 oz/gal water or <br /> 1 t/100 gal water. <br /> Curtail 1.5—2 qts./acre Spring rosette to pre-bud stage and/or fall rosette. t <br /> or Add non-ionic surfactant @ 0.32 oz/gal water or <br /> 1.5-2.0 oz/gal water 1 t/100 gal water. <br /> Clarity 1 qt./acre Spring rosette—before flowering stalk lengthens and/or late fall <br /> or treatment of rosettes.DO NOT apply near or under trees and/or , <br /> 1 oz/gal water I shrubs or when outside tem eratures will exceed 85 de rees. <br /> f -grown plant <br /> ull <br /> .,. <br /> i <br /> I. <br />