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' The Midway soil is shallow and well drained. It formed in calcareous, clayey material derived from <br /> shale. Typically, the surface layer is a neutral, olive brown loam about three inches thick. The layer <br /> ' below that is a mildly alkaline, light olive brown clay loam about seven inches thick. The underlying <br /> material to a depth of 14 inches is a moderately alkaline, light yellowish brown clay, underlain by soft <br /> weathered shale. <br /> ' Permeability of the Midway is slow, and available water capacity is low. Effective rooting depth is from <br /> six to 20 inches and water erosion can be severe. Rock fragments compose from zero to 15 percent of <br /> the volume. <br /> ' The soils are difficult to revegetate and must be stabilized against water erosion. A mulch of plant <br /> residue helps to reduce runoff and conserve moisture. Application of manure and nitrogen and <br /> I phosphorous rich fertilizers are needed to maintain fertility. Selecting adapted plants is essential in <br /> establishing vegetation. <br /> ' Veldkamp-Nederland. very cobbly sandy loams. zero to three percent slopes - This soil type is formed <br /> on the lower pediment surface adjacent to the site. Both the Veldkamp and Nederland soils are deep and <br /> well drained. They both formed in cobbly, gravelly, loamy alluvium derived from mixed sources. <br /> IThe Veldkamp surface layer is usually neutral, dark grayish brown very cobbly sandy loam about three <br /> inches thick. The subsoil in the upper nine inches is neutral dark grayish brown and brown to dark <br /> I brown, very cobbly clay loam and very cobbly clay. In the lower nine inches it is neutral dark yellowish <br /> brown very cobbly clay loam. The substratum to a depth of 60 inches is neutral, dark yellowish brown, <br /> stratified very cobbly sandy loam. Rock fragments make up 35 to 60 percent of total volume. <br /> IThe Nederland surface is typically dark brown to brown, very cobbly sandy loam about 52 inches thick. <br /> The substratum below a depth of 62 inches is neutral, strong brown very stony sandy loam. Rocks <br /> Icompose 35 to 75 percent of total volume. <br /> Permeability of both soils is moderate to slow and available water capacity is moderate. The effective <br /> ' rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Runoff is slow and water erosion hazard is slight. <br /> The establishment and maintenance of grasses is limited by the large volume of pebbles and cobbles, <br /> which will be removed prior to revegetation. Mulching,fertilizing,and irrigation are needed to establish <br /> Iadapted plants. <br /> Valmont clay loam. zero to three percent slopes - This unit is found on the main pediment surface on <br /> site. It formed in calcareous, clayey alluvium underlain by calcareous, very cobbly or gravelly material. <br /> Typically, the surface layer is neutral grayish brown loam about four inches thick. The subsoil in the <br /> upper 13 inches is neutral to moderately alkaline, dark grayish brown and brown clay. In the lower 14 <br /> inches it is moderately alkaline, pale brown clay and clay loam. The substratum,to a depth of 60 inches, <br /> is a moderately alkaline light gray very gravelly sandy loam. Rock fragments make up zero to 15% of <br /> total volume near the surface of this unit. <br /> The near surface permeability of the Valmont soil is slow and water capacity is moderate. The effective <br /> rooting depth is 60 inches or more and water erosion hazard is slight. <br /> I-2 <br /> S - ' SERGENT, HAUSKINS& BECKWITH <br /> B� CONSULTING GEO7EOFINICAL ENGINEERS <br /> PHOENIX-TN-t OENVER/LANEWOOO•SA TULAKE G�EL PEASO ERENO/SPARKS <br />