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Custom Soil Resource Report <br />Series, soil <br />A group of soils that have profiles that are almost alike, except for differences in <br />texture of the surface layer. All the soils of a series have horizons that are similar <br />in composition, thickness, and arrangement. <br />Severely eroded spot (map symbol) <br />An area where, on the average, 75 percent or more of the original surface layer <br />has been lost because of accelerated erosion. Not used in map units in which <br />"severely eroded," "very severely eroded," or "gullied" is part of the map unit name. <br />Shale <br />Sedimentary rock that formed by the hardening of a deposit of clay, silty clay, or <br />silty clay loam and that has a tendency to split into thin layers. <br />Sheet erosion <br />The removal of a fairly uniform layer of soil material from the land surface by the <br />action of rainfall and surface runoff. <br />Short, steep slope (map symbol) <br />A narrow area of soil having slopes that are at least two slope classes steeper <br />than the slope class of the surrounding map unit. <br />Shoulder <br />The convex, erosional surface near the top of a hillslope. A shoulder is a transition <br />from summit to backslope. <br />Shrink -swell <br />The shrinking of soil when dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and swelling <br />can damage roads, dams, building foundations, and other structures. It can also <br />damage plant roots. <br />Shrub -coppice dune <br />A small, streamlined dune that forms around brush and clump vegetation. <br />Side slope (geomorphology) <br />A geomorphic component of hills consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside. <br />The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel. Side slopes are dominantly <br />colluvium and slope -wash sediments. <br />Silica <br />A combination of silicon and oxygen. The mineral form is called quartz. <br />Silica-sesquioxide ratio <br />The ratio of the number of molecules of silica to the number of molecules of <br />alumina and iron oxide. The more highly weathered soils or their clay fractions in <br />warm -temperate, humid regions, and especially those in the tropics, generally <br />have a low ratio. <br />