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Custom Soil Resource Report <br />Proper grazing use <br />Grazing at an intensity that maintains enough cover to protect the soil and maintain <br />or improve the quantity and quality of the desirable vegetation. This practice <br />increases the vigor and reproduction capacity of the key plants and promotes the <br />accumulation of litter and mulch necessary to conserve soil and water. <br />Rangeland <br />Land on which the potential natural vegetation is predominantly grasses, grasslike <br />plants, forbs, or shrubs suitable for grazing or browsing. It includes natural <br />grasslands, savannas, many wetlands, some deserts, tundras, and areas that <br />support certain forb and shrub communities. <br />Reaction, soil <br />A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a soil, expressed as pH values. A soil that <br />tests to pH 7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction because it is neither <br />acid nor alkaline. The degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH values, <br />are: <br />Ultra acid: Less than 3.5 <br />Extremely acid: 3.5 to 4.4 <br />Very strongly acid: 4.5 to 5.0 <br />Strongly acid: 5.1 to 5.5 <br />Moderately acid: 5.6 to 6.0 <br />Slightly acid: 6.1 to 6.5 <br />Neutral: 6.6 to 7.3 <br />Slightly alkaline: 7.4 to 7.8 <br />Moderately alkaline: 7.9 to 8.4 <br />Strongly alkaline: 8.5 to 9.0 <br />Very strongly alkaline: 9.1 and higher <br />Red beds <br />Sedimentary strata that are mainly red and are made up largely of sandstone and <br />shale. <br />Redoximorphic concentrations <br />See Redoximorphic features. <br />Redoximorphic depletions <br />See Redoximorphic features. <br />Redoximorphic features <br />Redoximorphic features are associated with wetness and result from alternating <br />periods of reduction and oxidation of iron and manganese compounds in the soil. <br />Reduction occurs during saturation with water, and oxidation occurs when the soil <br />is not saturated. Characteristic color patterns are created by these processes. The <br />reduced iron and manganese ions may be removed from a soil if vertical or lateral <br />fluxes of water occur, in which case there is no iron or manganese precipitation <br />in that soil. Wherever the iron and manganese are oxidized and precipitated, they <br />46 <br />