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2018-01-03_PERMIT FILE - C1981010
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2018-01-03_PERMIT FILE - C1981010
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Last modified
3/2/2018 8:38:13 AM
Creation date
3/2/2018 8:36:36 AM
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Template:
DRMS Permit Index
Permit No
C1981010
IBM Index Class Name
Permit File
Doc Date
1/3/2018
Doc Name
VEGETATION
Section_Exhibit Name
APPENDIX D
Media Type
D
Archive
No
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sites can theoretically be sampled in any given year to provide an estimate of <br />what the vegetation expressions should be on the reclaimed areas. <br />40 <br />Two other means of establishing the standards of achievement besides using <br />reference areas are expressly allowed by the -Colorado regulations. These include <br />a statistically valid historic record of premining vegetal conditions and <br />standards established in technical documents. It should be noted, however, that <br />there are no standards of success established in technical documents for Colorado <br />or most other states. <br />Difficulties With Butting Standards <br />As straight forward as these concepts may at first appear to be, they are <br />is fact, surrounded with technical difficulties. A more thorough consideration <br />of these difficulties is critical to insure that a technically sound and <br />efficient system for testing success of revegetation is ultimately selected. <br />(• Any plan for testing revegetation success must allow for natural short and <br />long-term variations in vegetation resulting from climatic, land use, natural <br />plant and animal cycles, diseases, and other influences. Short term fluctua- <br />tions can be substantial and will largely result from annual and seasonal <br />extremes in temperature and precipitation. However, long term natural changes <br />can also be expected since many operations will occur over extended periods of <br />time ranging upwards to 40 years. It follows that revegetation standards may <br />be used for a particular project for 50 years or even longer. During this per- <br />iod of time, we can expect changes in plant communities and their boundaries as <br />a result of natural plant succession and changing biotic and abiotic influ- <br />ences. For example, at Utah International's Trapper Mine near Craig, Colorado, <br />there are several areas that are a western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii)-big <br />sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata) association, which appear to be artifacts of <br />past sagebrush eradication efforts or abandoned croplands. These areas will <br />most likely revert to a closed sagebrush community over time. In addition, <br />large portions of the mine permit area have a mountain shrub community where <br />( Cambel oak (Quercus gambelii) appears to be the climax species with the <br />-2- <br />
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