2017-09-11_PERMIT FILE - C1981019 ‎(3)‎

• Permit No: C1981019
• IBM Index Class Name: Permit File
• Doc Date: 9/11/2017
• Doc Name: Cultural Resource Discovery Report and Historic Properties Treatment Plan
• Section_Exhibit Name: Volume 16 Exhibit 5 Item 8
• Media Type: D
• Archive: No

Cultural Resource HPTP for MK -1-082317 and MK -2-082317 Colowyo Coal Company
are designed to overlap and support one another. Information contributing to one question will
help support another and yield a more comprehensive overall analysis of the study area.
3.2.1 Cultural Chronology
Prehistoric archaeological research requires a strong baseline cultural chronology. Without
quality data regarding the potential age and duration of cultural signatures, higher level research
questions cannot be pursued. Chronologies have been developed specifically for western
Colorado (Black 1991, Reed and Metcalf 1999, Stiger 2001). The chronologies are based on
regionally specific research and cultural resource management directed investigations. Reed
and Metcalf (1999:6) constructed their prehistoric context for the northern Colorado River Basin
around a chronology divided into various sequential eras, traditions, phases, and periods (Table
2).
Table 2. Northern Colorado River Basin Cultural Chronology (Reed and Metcalf
1999)
Era
'tradition/Period/Phas
Data Range
Paleoindian Era
11,500-6400 s.0
Clovis tradition
11,500-10,500 s c.
Goshen tradition
11,000-10,700 B.C.
Folsom tradition
10,800-9500 s.0
Foothill -Mountain tradition
9500-6400 s.c.
Archaic Era
6400-400 B.C.
Pioneer period
6400-4500 s.0
Settlement period
4500-2500 B.C.
Transitional period
2500 —1000 s c.
Terminal period
1000-400 B.C.
Formative Era
400 B.C. —A.D 1300
Anasazi tradition
A.D. 900 -1100
Fremont tradition
A.D. 200 —1500
Gateway tradition
400 B.C. —A.D. 1300
Aspen tradition
A.D. 1-1300
Protohistoric Era
A.D. 1300-1881
Canalla phase
A.D. 1100-1650
Antera phase
A.D. 1650-1881
Placing the site into an established regional chronology such as Reed and Metcalf s (1999:6) is
critical to the interpretation of all subsequent collected data as it applies to the rest of the
research design. On an intersite basis, the radiometric and diagnostic artifact dates (if any) will
be used to situate the site within the broader regional chronology and the cultural signature
associated with that era(s), tradition(s), phase(s), and period(s). On an intrasite basis, multiple
radiometric dates and temporally diagnostic artifacts (if any) will inform on temporal utilization of
the locality within and across associated era(s), tradition(s), phase(s), and period(s).
Tetra Tech has already preemptively taken radiocarbon samples from each thermal feature
which will be processed upon commencement of the HPTP. If additional datable features are
Tetra Tech August 31, 2017 10