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• Minimum sample size will be determined in accordance with Section 4.15.11(2). When adjacent <br />transects are used for reference sites with paired observations sample adequacy will be based on <br />the difference between reclaimed and 90% of the reference. As required and explained in Section <br />4.15.11(2)(a) and 4.15.11(2)(c), the minimum number of paired observations would need to be 15, <br />in cases where the formula indicates a sample size smaller than 15. The minimum required <br />number of paired observations would be 30, in order to demonstrate success using the "reverse <br />null" t-test. <br />Statistical comparisons will be consistent with Section 4.15.11(2). The 'general' form of t-test is <br />modified appropriately for paired observations of "standard null" and "reverse null" t-tests where <br />pairs comprise a sample from the reclaimed site and 90% of the reference sample. The following <br />equation was derived from Steel and Torrie, 1980, Principles and Procedures of Statistics, A <br />Biometrical Approach, McGraw-Hill, Inc. <br />2 2 <br />�(Y; —Y2j)2 — 1Z(Y; —Y2j) In YDj2 — YDS In <br />SD = - <br />(n —1) (n —1) <br />2 <br />Sfl s <br />— n <br />n <br />• D <br />So <br />• <br />Where: <br />D = Difference between reclaimed and 90% of reference <br />S'5 = Standard error of mean difference <br />n = Sample size <br />t, = Calculated t value <br />The hypotheses would remain the same as described in Section 4.15.11(2). <br />V.J.4 Literature Cited (Sections I and J) <br />C -b Shale Oil Project. 1976. Detailed Development Plan and Related Materials. <br />C -b Shale Oil Venture, 1976. U.S. Department of the Interior Prototype Oil Shale Leasing <br />Program, Oil Shale Tract C -b, Environmental Baseline Program Final Report (November, 1974 <br />through October, 1976), Volume IV, Ecology <br />Technical Revision #65 (4/2008) V-65 <br />