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Oxeye daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) is an escaped ornamental, perennial, with <br />shallow roots. It spreads by seed and roots. Due to its shallow root system it is readily <br />controlled with cultivation or ripping. It is shade intolerant, and good grass cover helps <br />prevent its establishment. Milestone at 5 oz/acre is a very effective control. Treating a <br />field with 24 oz Tordon or 314 oz. Escort (plus surfactant) per acre provides excellent <br />control) as well. <br />Houndstonngue (Cynoglossum ofcinale) is a biennial and very toxic to livestock, <br />especially horses. It causes irreversible liver damage and is an accumulative poison. <br />Early signs of poisoning in horses may include photosensitivity and blistering and peeling <br />of skin on the nose and lips. It forms a low growing rosette the first year and the second <br />year bolts up to 1-2 feet tall, forming rosy -purple flowers followed by a large, flat seed <br />that sticks to almost anything with Velcro -like hooks. It can be controlled with <br />herbicides or by cutting the roots at least 4 inches below the surface with a shovel once it <br />has bolted. Escort at 1.5 oz/acre or Telar at I oz/acre, especially if mixed with I qt 2,4- <br />D/acre results in very good control. Use a non-ionic surfactant. Tordon or Banvel at 24 <br />oz. per acre, or 2, 4-D amine at 1 quart per acre and a good quality surfactant all provide <br />good control. Spring or fall treatments are best. <br />Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) is a deep rooted perennial that reproduces both <br />vegetatively and by seed. It forms dense stands, usually reaching a height of 2 to 4 feet <br />with small bluish -purple flowers. It readily appears throughout the County whenever the <br />ground is disturbed. Milestone at 5 oz/acre for young plants or 7 oz/acre for well <br />established infestations is the best treatment available. Spring and fall applications are <br />both effective. Spray it in the spring with I quart of Tordon, Banvel or Curtail per acre. <br />It is especially helpful with Canada thistle to re -seed any areas that are disturbed with a <br />good grass mix. Fall applications work well, especially if the plants are mowed in the <br />summer. <br />Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) is a biennial, which reproduces from seed. The first year's <br />growth is a large, compact rosette. Individual plants are effectively controlled with a <br />shovel. The second year the plant bolts, growing to a height of two to six feet, with large <br />spiny leaves with a deep green color. Flowers are large, nodding and purple. A biennial, <br />musk thistle responds well to mechanical control and can be either disked or mowed. <br />Musk thistle also responds well to herbicide control: Milestone at 5-7oz/acre is very <br />effective on musk thistle. Escort at 314 oz per acre; 2,4-D amine at I quart per acre; <br />Banvel or Tordon at 1.5 pints per acre; Curtail at 1 quart per acre. <br />