2008-05-01_REVISION - M1973007SG (5)

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RECLAMATION PLAN Signs and Markers 1. Permit notification signs will be placed and maintained at the entrance to the operation. 2. The permit boundary will be identified where it is not already identified by fences or suitable markers. Most of this boundary is already marked by fences. Weed Control Plan Possible noxious weed species that could occur in this operation include primarily Canada thistle, tamarix, diffuse knapweed, and hoary cress or whitetop. Less critical or less frequent species could include Russian olive, a number of annual thistles, and leafy spurge. Pesky annual weeds include primarily the two tumbleweeds,Kochia and Salsola. A few other minor weed species can also occur. Many of these are present in various amounts in surrounding areas such as residential and commercial areas, industrial yards,roadsides, and railroads. With the abundance of sources throughout this area, complete control of weeds would be impossible without control of weeds everywhere. As often occurs in weed infestations,the more one controls weeds in one area the more that area becomes prone to re-infestation from adjacent uncontrolled ea��r� sources. With many weeds, especially the annuals, not providing a rich growth environment is �.4�, the best long term control along with short term contr c such as mowing which tends to reduce ------------- the amount of seed produced by the annual species. Sometimes, with such annuals, simply `'" l leaving them alone when growing in an otherwise rich grass dominated habitat allows them to almost disappear due to competition with perennials. Often these weeds are maintained by disturbance and the more disturbance created in controlling the weeds the more likely the weeds J will be persistent. But, all of this is based on an assumption that there is a strong growth of -4� perennial species in the total vegetation and most of those perennial species are grasses, preferably of the sod-forming types. If that is not the case, then weed control must be b' gyp, implemented intensively until a fairly strong grass growth is achieved. With some very �1 1 J aggressive weed species, even if annuals, it is sometimes impossible to establish strong grass f 4 growth until the weed growth is greatly reducedTSuch aggressive weed growth in a sandy soil often indicates the soil has somehow acquired a high level of plant available nitrogen and until ' that nitrogen is expended strong weed growth, especially of annuals, will persist. In such cases the addition of organic matter that contains very high levels of carbon and few other nutrients v can reduce nitrogen to a point where annuals are not favored. The problem is determining how much high carbon organic matter to add to reduce nitrogen levels without reducing it so much Daniels Sand Pit Amendment (2008) Exhibit E Page 20 of 22