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2016-10-20_PERMIT FILE - C1981035A (18)
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2016-10-20_PERMIT FILE - C1981035A (18)
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Last modified
9/11/2019 9:37:54 AM
Creation date
11/16/2016 1:41:53 PM
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Template:
DRMS Permit Index
Permit No
C1981035A
IBM Index Class Name
Permit File
Doc Date
10/20/2016
Doc Name
Cultural and Historic Resources Survey
Section_Exhibit Name
KII Appendix 03
Media Type
D
Archive
Yes
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4.0 Cultural Overview and Previous Investigations <br />4.1 Cultural Overview <br />The project area is situated in the Hay Gulch watershed, which drains into the La Plata River. The <br />cultural histories of the river drainages in the Southern Colorado River Basin are complex and <br />characterized by prehistoric contracting and expanding occupations and abandonments. The La Plata <br />Drainage Unit (LPDU), the nearby Mesa Verde-Mancos Drainage Unit (MVMDU), and the Animas <br />Drainage Unit (ADU) have similar cultural trajectories but with some important differences. The <br />following comparative percentages reflect data current only up to 1999. Documented Paleo-Indian <br />components are completely lacking within the LPDU, the MVMDU, and the ADU. Few Paleo-Indian <br />sites have been documented in southwestern Colorado in general, although one to several Paleo-Indian <br />components have been previously identified in the Ute, Monument-McElmo, Dolores, and Upper San <br />Juan -Piedra Drainage Units. The Archaic period is more substantial, with 12.8 percent of identified <br />components attributed to the Archaic in the LPDU compared to 0.1 percent in the MVMDU and 7.3 <br />percent in the ADU (Lipe 1999: 406). <br />The Ancestral Pueblo occupation of the region begins with the Basketmaker II period (BMII), although <br />the distinction from Late Archaic manifestations is difficult to decipher from survey data alone. In the <br />LPDU, 6.2 percent of identified components have been classified as BMII, compared to 0.1 percent in the <br />MVMDU and 8.3 percent in the ADU. The Basketmaker III period (BMIII) population expansion is <br />substantial in both the LPDU (21.5%) and the ADU (35%), but muted in the MVMDU (5.3%). The <br />Pueblo I period (PI) is well represented in the LPDU (24.4%), MVMDU (35.4%), and the ADU (34.4%), <br />as well as the remainder of the Southern Colorado River Basin Drainage Units in Colorado, with the <br />exception of the Ute Drainage Unit (8.5%). The Pueblo II period is prolific in the MVMDU (40.8%), but <br />demographic contractions occur in both the LPDU (13.6%) and especially the ADU (4.0%). The number <br />of identified Pueblo III period (PIII) components suggests a further population decline with 1.4 percent of <br />identifiable components in the ADU, 2.5 percent in the LPDU, and 18.2 percent in the MVMDU <br />attributable to the PIII. However, just south of the project in the New Mexico portion of the La Plata <br />River Valley, an intensive Pueblo II-III occupation is apparent. <br />Following the abandonment of the region by Ancestral Pueblo peoples at the termination of the Pueblo III <br />period (ca. AD 1280 to 1300), possibly after AD 1400, Numic (Ute and Paiute) and Athabaskan (Navajo <br />and Apache) peoples began to settle into the Four Corners region, though the timing and nature of these <br />migrations are not fully understood. Post -Pueblo occupations, presumably late prehistoric to protohistoric <br />Athabaskan and Numic groups, are well represented in the LPDU (19.0%) and the ADU (9.7%), but are <br />mostly lacking in the MVMDU (0.2%) (Lipe 1999: 406). <br />4.1.1 Paleo-Indian <br />Paleo-Indian occupation of the region occurred at the termination of the Pleistocene (ca. 12,000 to 8,000 <br />B.C.). Archaeological evidence suggests these peoples had developed a highly specialized and mobile <br />subsistence strategy focused on large, Pleistocene megafauna. Archaeological remains of these cultures <br />typically contain spear points in association with bones of the extinct megafauna and other game. Paleo- <br />Indian sites do not appear to be abundant in the region, although this may be due to the lack of diagnostic <br />artifacts on surface scatters. Paleo-Indian sites have been reported from the Arroyo Cuervo region, San <br />Juan Mountains, and Chaco Canyon areas (York 1991; Hayes et al. 1981; Irwin -Williams 1973). Paleo- <br />An Intensive CRI for GCC Energy's Proposed Groundwater Monitonng Wells <br />on State and Private Lands in La Plata County, CO <br />SEAS 16-098 October 2016 <br />7 <br />
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