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shown to be successful,but!Lis time-Consuming compared to other control techniques.Prescribed burn;n= <br /> however,can be used as a pretreatment for another control,method,particularly a subsequent herbicide <br /> vea€ment to the resprouts or a basa:bark treatment to the sterns of resprouts. <br /> a�4 <br /> Bfologfeal There are no efforts to develop a biological control program for Russian-olive. <br /> CHEMICAL CONTROL <br /> The following;specific use Information is based on published papers and reports by researchers and land <br /> managers. Other trade names may be available,and other cnnipouritt;also err+labeled for this treed_#,directions <br /> for use may vary between brands;see label before use. I lerbicides are listed by mode of action and then <br /> alphabetically.The order of herbicide 11stingds not reflective of the order of efficacy or preference. <br /> GROWTH REGULATORS ; <br /> 2,4-D Rate:2 qt product/acre(1,9 lb a,e./acre) -$ <br /> Severa'names Timing:Postemergence when leaves are fully developed in early to mid-summer. <br /> Remarks:2,4-D is a broadleaf herbicide with no soil activity.It will require two to three retreatments fore" J <br /> effective control.2,4-D can also be mixed with dicamba(4 lb product 2,4-D/acre+2 lb product <br /> dicamba/acre;_ - <br /> Picloram Rate--Foliar spot treat"Pt:3%v/v solution,provides good control of stems but vigorous suckers can <br /> Tordon 22k develop. <br /> Timing-,Postemergence at the errd of summer to beginning of fall,but before leaf drop. <br /> Remarks:Picloram is broadleaf-selective and is used to control a variety of annual and perennial <br /> broadleaved herbs and woody species.High levels of picloram can give long-term soil activity for <br /> broadleaves.Picloram has long soil residual activity:Picloram is a restricted use herbicide.It is not <br /> registered for use in California. <br /> Picloram is often sold mixed with 2,4-D(Tordon 1D1I1,r1),a•nd#�is formulation has also been used as a cut t <br /> stump treatment to controlRussian-olive or as a fo tiar treatment to control Russian-olive seedlings. <br /> Triclopyr Rate: Broadcast foliar treatment:1 to 2 qt product/acre(1 to 2 lb a.e./acre);acclition of 7 oz , <br /> Garton 3A,Garton 4 producttacre of Milestone can improve control of Russian-olive.Low volume foliar treatment: 5%v/v _ <br /> Ultra,Remedy Ultra, solution of triclopyr and water plus 0.5%surfactant v/v to thoroughly wet all leaves.Foliar treatment of <br /> Pathfinder It resprouts:25%Garton 4 Ultra for the following two years.Basal cut stump treatment:25 to 50%Garlon 4 <br /> Ultra in 50 to 75%oil carrier,Cut stump treatments:undiluted Garton 3A or 50%Garton 3A in water. <br /> Basal bark treatment:25%Garton 4 Ultra in 75%oil carrier,or Pathfinder 11 as a ready to use formulation. <br /> Timing:Cut stump,basal cut stump,and basal bark treatments can be applied as long as the ground 6 <br /> not frozen,but are best in late surerrrer or early fall,before leaf drop.For foliar treatment,the best time <br /> to apply the herbicide is wrierr plants are growing rapidly from.May ttvougtk September, <br /> Remarks:Triclopyr is a selective herbicide for broadleaf species and will not harm grasses growing <br /> nearby. For cut stump treatments,cut stems horizontally at or near ground level and apply herbicide _ <br /> solution immediately,covering the outer 20%of the cut face.Suckering from the roots typically occurs <br /> after cutting,but the treatment should control most resprouts. For basal bark treatment,spray the lower • _ <br /> trunk, including the root collar,to a height of 12 to 15 inches from the ground;the spray should <br /> thoroughly wet the lower stem but not to the point of runoff.Trees should not be cut for 1 month to a <br /> year afterbasai bark treatment.Remedy Ultra can also be used for'basal bark treatments.Gorton 4 Ultra <br /> at 3 qt product/acre can be tank minced with aminopyralid(Milestone)at 7 oz product/acre when treating <br /> resprouts after cutting. <br /> She girdling method has also been shown to be effective for Russian-olive control-This involves making <br /> shallow,overlapping cuts into the bark around the trunk base using a hatchet or chainsaw,and then <br /> lightly spraying the entire cut surface with herbicide. <br /> t <br /> AROMATIC AMINO ACID INHIBITORS <br /> Glyphosate Rate:Foliar treatment:1 to 1.5%v/v solution of Roundup ProMax(or other trade name with similar <br /> Roundup;Accord XRT concentration of glypnosate)to thoroughly wet all leaves.Low volume spot treatment:4 to 7%v/v <br /> it,and others Solution,of Roundup(or other trade name)to wet 50%of the leaves,Cut stLrrnp treatment:undiluted <br /> R©ur.+dup(or other trade rname)or 50%v/v in,water applied to the cambium,Frill treatment:ucdilated <br /> glyphosate. <br /> Timing:Postemergence foliar treatments are best when leaves are fully expanded.Suckering from the <br /> 170 Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States <br /> S <br /> t <br />