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Oxeye daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) is an escaped ornamental, perennial, with <br /> shallow roots. It spreads by seed and roots. Due to its shallow root system it is readily <br /> controlled with cultivation or ripping. It is shade intolerant, and good grass cover helps <br /> prevent its establishment. Milestone at 5 oz/acre is a very effective control. Treating a <br /> field with 24 oz Tordon or 3/4 oz. Escort (plus surfactant) per acre provides excellent <br /> control\as well. <br /> Houndstongue (Cynoglossum off cinale) is a biennial and very toxic to livestock, <br /> especially horses. It causes irreversible liver damage and is an accumulative poison. <br /> Early signs of poisoning in horses may include photosensitivity and blistering and peeling <br /> of skin on the nose and lips. It forms a low growing rosette the first year and the second <br /> year bolts up to 1-2 feet tall, forming rosy-purple flowers followed by a large, flat seed <br /> ' that sticks to almost anything with Velcro-like hooks. It can be controlled with <br /> herbicides or by cutting the roots at least 4 inches below the surface with a shovel once it <br /> has bolted. Escort at 1.5 oz/acre or Telar at 1 oz/acre, especially if mixed with 1 qt 2,4- <br /> D/acre results in very good control. Use a non-ionic surfactant. Tordon or Banvel at 24 <br /> OZ. per acre, or 2, 4-D amine at 1 quart per acre and a good quality surfactant all provide <br /> good control. Spring or fall treatments are best. <br /> Canada_thistle (Cirsium arvense) is a deep rooted perennial that reproduces both <br /> vegetatively and by seed. It forms dense stands, usually reaching a height of 2 to 4 feet <br /> with small bluish-purple flowers. It readily appears throughout the County whenever the <br /> ground is disturbed. Milestone at 5 oz/acre for young plants or 7 oz/acre for well <br /> established infestations is the best treatment available. Spring and fall applications are <br /> both effective. Spray it in the spring with 1 quart of Tordon, Banvel or Curtail per acre. <br /> It is especially helpful with Canada thistle to re-seed any areas that are disturbed with a <br /> good grass mix. Fall applications work well, especially if the plants are mowed in the <br /> summer. <br /> Musk thistle(Carduus nutans)is a biennial,which reproduces from seed. The first year's <br /> growth is a large, compact rosette. Individual plants are effectively controlled with a <br /> shovel. The second year the plant bolts,growing to a height of two to six feet, with large <br /> spiny leaves with a deep green color. Flowers are large, nodding and purple. A biennial, <br /> musk thistle responds well to mechanical control and can be either disked or mowed. <br /> Musk thistle also responds well to herbicide control: Milestone at 5-7oz/acre is very <br /> effective on musk thistle. Escort at 3/4 oz per acre; 2,4-D amine at 1 quart per acre; <br /> Banvel or Tordon at 1.5 pints per acre; Curtail at 1 quart per acre. <br /> 5 <br />