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Penitentiary. Many of the buildings were built by convict labor (Allmendinger 2015:120). The ranch <br />changed hands several times, but has remained a working ranch. <br />IV. FILE AND RECORDS SEARCH <br />A file and literature search was conducted on November 12, 2015, at the Colorado OAHP. A search <br />of Bureau of Land Management -General Land Office (GLO) records and the NRHP online <br />database was conducted on November 13, 2015. <br />The file search identified 67 previously recorded sites and isolated finds within 1 mi of the project <br />area (Table 2). These sites are almost completely located on the east side of Highway 115 on lands <br />managed by Fort Carson. The previous sites show heavy prehistoric and historic land use near the <br />project area. Prehistoric sites include rock art, lithic scatters, camps, and isolated finds located in both <br />open areas and rock shelters. These sites tend to be located on and around topographic features with <br />prominent views of the surrounding terrain. Historic sites include transportation features, artifact <br />scatters, inscriptions, and isolated artifacts. The NRHP online database did not contain any listed <br />properties in the project area. <br />Seventeen previous inventories have been conducted within 1 mi of the project area (Table 3). <br />These inventories were conducted between 1982 and 2010. Fifteen of the previous inventories were <br />conducted in support of undertakings by the Colorado Department of Transportation and Fort Carson. <br />The remaining two were associated with a communications tower and a fiber optic cable. None of <br />these inventories intersect the inventory area. <br />The GLO plat from 1872 showed two historic trails or roads southeast of the project area. The <br />trails are unnamed and appear to follow the modern alignments of State Highway 115 and an <br />unnamed road crossing Fort Carson (Bureau of Land Management 2015). No other historic use was <br />present on the map, and no subsequent surveys are available. The GLO land patent records show that <br />the block inventory area in Section 16 was never patented. The proposed access road corridors in <br />Section 22 cross several land patents. The south half of the northeast corner was patented to Lydia E. <br />Kinney in 1882. The north half of the northeast corner was patented George R. Underwood in 1880. <br />Both of these parcels were patented under the authority of the 1862 Homestead Act. The east half of <br />the northwest corner was patented to Andrew L. Lawton in 1901. This patent was a cash sale (Bureau <br />of Land Management 2015). Today all three of these patents fall inside the Hitch Rack Ranch. The <br />father of Andrew Lawton was a prominent businessman and public servant in Colorado Springs <br />(Stone 1918:467), but none of the three people to whom patents were granted were significant to the <br />history of the area. <br />V. METHODS <br />he intent of this cultural resource inventory was to locate, record, and evaluate the eligibility for <br />inclusion in the NRHP all prehistoric and historic cultural resources found within the project area. <br />The guidelines set forth by the OAHP were followed to ensure that all applicable federal and state <br />standards for cultural resource investigations were met. The project design was tailored to specifically <br />meet the requirements of these agencies. <br />No artifacts were collected for this project. All original photographs and field notes are on file at <br />the CRA office in Longmont, Colorado. <br />A site is defined as the locus of previous (50 year age minimum) human activity at which the <br />preponderance of evidence suggests either one-time diagnostically interpretable use or repeated use <br />over time, or multiple classes of activities. For example: a) isolated thermal features such as hearths, <br />9 <br />