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aspen. Average yearly rainfall for the area is 16 in. (ENMAP Corporation, <br />1981). Warm days and cool nights characterize the summer; winter is rela- <br />tively cold. The average date of the first killing frost is September 14, <br />and the average date of the last killing frost is June 10. <br />A prominent feature in the study area is the Tow Creek anticline, a <br />northeastward -trending asymmetrical fold (Bass and others, 1955) (fig. 1). <br />The axis of the anticline extends through the central part of the mine. Rocks <br />east of the axis of the anticline dip to the east, and rocks west of the axis <br />dip to the west (Bass and others, 1955) (fig. 1). The eastern part of the <br />area is drained by Bond Creek, Cow Camp Creek, and other unnamed streams that <br />are tributary to Fish Creek. The western part of the area is drained by <br />Little Grassy Creek, which is tributary to Grassy Creek. In the southern part <br />of the study area at the plunging, southern tip of the anticline, rocks dip to <br />the south (Bass and others, 1955) (fig. 1). The coal seams of interest in <br />this study are the Lennox and the Wadge (fig. 3) of the Williams Fork <br />Formation of Cretaceous age. <br />Unconfined aquifers develop in the reclaimed spoil during and following <br />mining (fig. 4). The aquifers generally are at the toe of the slope at the <br />location of the mine pit low wall. A spring(s) will form when the water level <br />rises above the reclaimed spoil surface. <br />Acknowledgments <br />Personnel from the Peabody Coal Company at the Flagstaff, Arizona, head- <br />quarters office and at the Seneca II Coal Mine supplied technical information <br />and machinery throughout the study. Bulldozers and backhoes were provided <br />during well construction, roads were snowplowed and graded as needed, and <br />wells were surveyed and mapped at all sites. This work and logistical assist- <br />ance was a significant contribution to the completion of the investigation and <br />is appreciated. <br />SAMPLING -SITE LOCATIONS AND DATA -COLLECTION INFORMATION <br />Data were collected at five sites in the study area. The sites are <br />Spring Creek (figs. 2 and 5), Cow Camp Creek (figs. 2 and 6), Zuli (figs. 2 <br />and 5), Bond Creek (figs. 2 and 7), and soil -water control site (fig. 2). <br />Climatologic information was monitored at one climate station (fig. 5) <br />and three weighing -bucket precipitation gages (figs. 5 and 6). Air tempera- <br />ture and relative humidity were measured using a 'Campbell Scientific 201 <br />sensor (table 1; tables 1-27 are in the "Data" section at the back of the <br />report). Incoming short wave solar radiation was measured with an Eppley PSP <br />(precision spectral pyranometer) radiometer (table 1). Windspeed, wind <br />vector, wind run, and wind duration were measured using a MET ONE anemometer <br />and a MET ONE wind vane (tables 2 and 3). All sensors were measured every <br />10 seconds and were averaged daily by a Campbell Scientific data logger. <br />'The use of trade or product names in this report is for identification <br />purposes only, and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological <br />Survey. <br />5 <br />