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Dalmatian and yellow toadflax (Linaria dalmatica) and (Linaria vulgaris) are perennials, <br />spreading both by root shoots and seed production. They are very aggressive, forming <br />thick mono -cultures where allowed to grow unimpeded. They are difficult to control due <br />to their extensive root and rhizome system, and in the case of Dalmatian toadflax, a <br />waxy cuticle. Repeated treatments will most likely be necessary before they show any <br />significant improvement. Spray with 1 quart per acre of Tordon or 1 quart of Banvel <br />with a quart of 2,4-D amine per acre. Telar (1 oz/ac) and Perspective (5 oz/ac) also <br />provide good control. Round -up is also effective in those areas where grass loss can be <br />tolerated. Surfactant must be used whenever spraying either toadflax. Neither of these <br />species was observed on 10/13/15, but the site should be regularly monitored to ensure <br />their absence. <br />Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is a deep rooted perennial, reproducing by seeds and <br />roots. It is one of the most economically and environmentally damaging plants in the <br />West. It is very difficult to control. In the spring spray it with 1 quart of Tordon + 1 <br />quart of 2,4-D amine per acre, or 1 quart of Banvel with 1 quart of 2,4-D amine per acre. <br />Twelve oz of Plateau + methylated seed oil shows good control, but must be sprayed in <br />the fall. As it is essential that no seeds be removed from any site where leafy spurge <br />occurs, this would not provide acceptable control unless the spurge was mowed or grazed <br />to prevent it from going to seed in the summer. Very specific site considerations must be <br />evaluated before treating leafy spurge on riparian sites and it is wise to contact the Routt <br />County Weed Program with any questions regarding herbicide use close to water or in <br />areas with a high water table. This weed was not observed, but the potential for <br />occurrence exists and the site should be regularly monitored to ensure its absence. <br />Oxeye daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) is an escaped ornamental, perennial, with <br />shallow roots. It spreads by seed and roots. Due to its shallow root system it is readily <br />controlled with cultivation or ripping. It is shade intolerant, and goad grass cover helps <br />prevent its establishment. Milestone at 5 oz/acre is a very effective control. Treating a <br />field with 24 oz Tordon or 3/4 oz. Escort (plus surfactant) per acre provides excellent <br />control. The inspection date made identification of this potential weed problem difficult <br />to assess. <br />4 <br />