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Then the percentages of each ion relative to the total were calculated, and plotted on the Piper <br />diagram. <br />The Piper diagrams indicate that the groundwater from M -9, M -13R and M -14 are the same <br />calcium- bicarbonate water type. Monitoring well M -12 is similar but with a slightly higher <br />calcium - chloride constituent. Additionally, the Piper diagram indicates that the wells sampled at <br />different times have remained constant over this time frame (i.e., 1994 -2015) and have not been <br />influenced by a new significant source of water. <br />4.3.2 Maucha Diagrams <br />Like the Piper diagram, a Maucha diagram can show the major ions in water in a way that allows <br />for rapid comparison among water samples. For each constituent, concentrations (mg/1) are <br />converted to chemical equivalents (meq/1), so that the balance of cation and anion charge can be <br />seen graphically. The background circle shows the shape of a theoretical, perfectly balanced <br />sample with each ion at the same concentration. <br />Historic groundwater data from monitoring wells M -9, M -12, M -13R, and M -14 were analyzed <br />using Maucha diagrams and are shown in Figure 7. The Maucha diagrams are consistent with <br />what are shown in the Piper diagrams and indicate that the groundwater from M -9, M- 13R and M- <br />14 are the same calcium- bicarbonate water type and monitoring well M -12 is similar but with a <br />higher calcium- chloride constituent. <br />4.3.3 Groundwater Well Modeling and Mineral Dissolution - Precipitation Reactions <br />Groundwater is either undersaturated, saturated, or oversaturated with respect to a specific mineral <br />and can be influenced by many factors including temperature, pH, and ionic strength of the water. <br />Groundwater tends to dissolve the minerals (dissolution) contained in the rocks and soils it comes <br />in contact with when the groundwater is undersaturated with respect to that mineral. Minerals tend <br />to precipitate from the groundwater when it is oversaturated with respect to the minerals. <br />Groundwater monitoring well M -14 has had extensive sampling and laboratory analysis for the <br />dominant chemical ions, temperature, and pH. Using the results from these sampling events, the <br />groundwater saturation state relative to the various minerals was calculated using the aqueous <br />TR -32 M -14 TDS Response Plan Report AES, Inc. <br />Battle Mountain Resources — San Luis, CO 8 January 2015 (Update) <br />