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be addressed by natural vegetative succession and pose a reduced risk of spread. <br />Application of selected control methods) — The following summarizes MCM's current treatment methods for listed <br />noxious weed species. In addition, our grazing lessees utilize aerial spraying for larger weed infestations in areas <br />with limited access. If treatment extends over a longer time period, or if control effectiveness is determined to be <br />lower than anticipated, treatment methods or chemicals may be adjusted to improve long -term effectiveness, and <br />persistent infestations may be sprayed multiple times. <br />Leafy spurge — Not present <br />Canadian, musk, and Scotch thistle — Cutting/pulling prior to formation of seed -heads and then fall <br />spraying with mix of Tordon, 2,4 -D amine, and Activator 90 (Banvel and Curtail are alternatives) <br />Plumeless or Perennial Sow thistle — Not present <br />Russian knapweed — Spot spraying (as necessary for control) with mix of Tordon, 2,4 -D amine, and <br />Activator 90 (Curtail is alternative chemical) <br />Spotted or Diffuse knapweed — Not present <br />Yellow or Dalmation toad flax (aggressive) — Spring spot spraying with Tordon (Banvel is alternative <br />chemical) <br />Field bindweed — Not present <br />Hoary cress (white top) — Spring spraying (full coverage and spot) with mix of Escort, 2,4 -D amine, and <br />Activator 90 (Plateau is alternative chemical) <br />Hound's Tongue - Spring spraying (full coverage and spot) with mix of Escort, 2,4 -D amine, and Activator <br />90 (Plateau is alternative chemical) <br />Salt cedar (tamarisk) — Hand - cutting the main stems and immediate application of triclopyr systemic <br />herbicide, for any larger infestations tamarisk leaf beetles or aerial spraying may be utilized <br />Russian olive — Newly- listed species, occurrence to be determined through field reconnaissance <br />For large areas or significant weed infestations, MCM may utilize a weed - control contractor to achieve overall <br />control (typically over several years) and then utilize in -house resources (Environmental Staff, student interns, <br />summer students, contract labor) for ongoing maintenance control activities. MCM maintains an ATV with spray - <br />tank, spray bar, and hand- sprayer, as well as several backpack tank sprayers for weed control. Chemical control <br />activities are overseen by a U.S. -EPA Certified Pesticide Applicator and pesticide storage, handling, and use <br />procedures and personal protective equipment are utilized to prevent potentially hazardous personal or <br />environmental exposures. Where control of extensive weed infestations results in limited vegetative cover or bare - <br />ground, the affected areas will be either be interseeded or ripped and seeded, dependent on site - specific conditions. <br />Evaluation of control effectiveness — Generally, in conjunction with the spring Environmental Management <br />surveys, areas of previously identified and treated noxious weed infestations are inspected and the effectiveness of <br />control measures is evaluated based on reduction or elimination of weed infestations. MCM's weed - control <br />contractors also provide similar information, based on their field observations. This information is utilized as the <br />basis for supplemental control activities (ie: repeat spraying) and in the management planning process to determine <br />the need for continued treatment and to modify treatment method(s), if indicated, to improve their effectiveness. <br />TR14 -36 2.05 -32.2 03/10/14 <br />