2014-10-07_PERMIT FILE - C1981018A (2)

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• an informal manner so that straight, uniform Tines are not produced on the slope. Roughening is accomplished following earth moving or soil replacement operations. Roughening of surfaces when carried out in advance of seeding enhances soil moisture retention. Additional roughening can also reduce the calculated sediment generation. Where very rough conditions are desireable, roughening by ripping, track-hoe gouging, or other appropriate means may be performed. Before seeding, weeds will be eliminated from the site if they are of a density which would cause a problem with perennial seedling establishment. Methods for eliminating weeds include tillage or chemical fallow. V.1.4.e Seeding Operations. Seed is preferably applied by drill seeding. However, many conditions preclude drill seeding and broadcast seeding is often required. These conditions include steep sites where drill equipment is ineffective or unsafe to operate, areas where eMensive surface roughening is desirable, or small sites which do not warrant mobilization of a contractor with a drill. Sites that are on south or west-facing slopes are treated by roughening and broadcasting to increase opportunities for moisture retention to improve the density and vigor of the established stand. Smooth and level areas that were previously occupied by grasslands are preferably drill seeded. Seed is applied based on the pure live seed (PLS) amounts shown on Table V-10 and Table V-11. A rangeland drill is generally used for drill seeding operations. The drill should be equipped with agitators to facilitate seed flow and attachments for seeds with chaffy or hairy coats (cracked corn or rice hulls can also be used to prevent lodging of these seeds in boxes without special attachments). On small areas, a broadcast seeder is used. Broadcast sites are lightly harrowed when possible following seeding to provide a light soil cover. On steep slopes, it is desirable to coordinate the timing of dozer tracking or other means of roughening such that seed is sown onto a fresh surface. This will allow precipitation to naturally cover the seed with soil without additional smoothing by harrowing. V.1.4.f Planting Time. The best time for planting seed in the Intermountain Region is mid to late autumn (mid-October -mid-December). Dormant fall seeding takes advantage of the relatively moist spring. Spring seeding (March -early June with March to mid April being the preferred spring seeding period) is also acceptable but somewhat less desirable since moist conditions during this time of year could lead to soil compaction or delays beyond the optimum planting time. Broadcast seeding can also be performed during the winter in cases where harrowing will not be performed or on situations where the soil surface is friable enough to allow seeds to be coverage. • Mid-Term Review 2002 (8/2002) V-39