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TURKEY CREEK CD's Noxious WEED CONTROL PROGRAM FOR PUEBLO COUNTY PAGE 5 OF 10 <br /> stands of Russian-olive that are essentially monotypic,foliar applications are most effective. In <br /> areas where woody native plants are present and their continued existence is desired,it may be <br /> necessary to utilize a spot treatment method. <br /> • Foliar applications are those such as aerial applications done with a fixed-wing aircraft or <br /> helicopter or ground treatments done with a backpack sprayer or ATV. Aerial application is <br /> only recommended for areas that have little to no desirable shrubs and trees. When using <br /> ground equipment,it is possible to spray around native trees and shrubs such as cottonwood <br /> and willow,however, care must be taken to avoid damaging desirable plants. Foliar <br /> applications can be applied during the growing season from late spring to early fall. <br /> • The cut-stump method, a type of spot treatment,is to cut and treat Russian-olive stumps <br /> with a herbicide. Russian-olive stems should be cut off within 2 inches of the ground's <br /> surface and immediately followed with a herbicide application to the perimeter edges of the <br /> cut stems. The cambial area,in about the outer 1 inch of the stump, must be thoroughly <br /> sprayed or painted with the herbicide. This method is effective but note that the herbicide <br /> must be applied within 1 minute after cutting because wound healing occurs very quickly <br /> and decreases herbicide penetration(and therefore control). A tracer dye can be included in <br /> the herbicide solution to help ensure treatment of all individual stumps. Cut-stump <br /> application treatments can typically be done at any time except when snow is present. <br /> • Basal-bark application is a type of spot treatment method. This is done by spraying the <br /> lower 12 to 18 inches of the entire circumference of every stem, including the root collar, in <br /> such a manner that they become thoroughly wet but not to the point of runoff. Do not apply <br /> to bark that is wet from heavy dew or rain. Basal-bark treatments are most effective on <br /> stems smaller than 6 inches in diameter. A tracer dye can be included in the herbicide <br /> solution to help ensure treatment of all individual trees. Basal-bark application treatments <br /> can typically be done at any time except when snow is present. <br /> • Frilling is a type of spot treatment method used to kill larger standing trees. Bark on larger <br /> trees is often too thick for most water soluble sprays to penetrate so it is necessary to <br /> provide a direct pathway for herbicide entry into the plant's vascular system. This method is <br /> best suited to trees at least 4 to 5 inches in diameter. Frilling is a variation of girdling in <br /> which a series of downward-angled cuts are made completely around the tree,leaving the <br /> partially severed bark and wood anchored at the bottom. Then herbicide is applied to the <br /> cuts and will move both vertically and horizontally within the tree to complete a chemical <br /> girdle. To be effective,the cuts, or frills,must completely encircle the tree and be <br /> overlapping(less than 1 inch apart). Cuts should be made through the bark deep enough to <br /> extend into the sapwood,exposing the living tissue just inside the bark(cambium layer). <br /> Use an axe, a machete,or similar cutting tool to make a series of downward cuts in the bark <br /> around the entire circumference of the tree trunk, leaving the chip. Chips should not be <br /> removed,but should be left to help hold the herbicide in the cuts. Immediately apply the <br /> recommended herbicide solution into the entire cut area in sufficient quantity to thoroughly <br /> wet the tissue using a paint brush,a hand-held spray/squirt bottle, or a small, pressurized <br /> spray unit(a backpack or hand-held,hand-pumped sprayer). A hand-held, 1-quart <br /> commercial pesticide spray bottle is ideal for applying herbicide to the frill and can be <br /> obtained from most local garden stores,seed&feed stores, etc. A tracer dye can be <br /> included in the herbicide solution to help ensure treatment of all individual trees. Frill <br /> application treatments can typically be done at most times of the year except when snow is <br />